State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Nonferrous Metals, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
With the continuous growth of energy demand, phase change materials (PCMs) have become a research hotspot in the field of energy storage. However, traditional PCMs have problems such as low thermal conductivity and easy leakage. Porous composite phase change materials (CPCMs) can effectively solve the above-mentioned problems by combining porous matrices with PCMs. This paper simply introduces the adsorption principle of porous materials for CPCMs. It also gives a detailed introduction to the classification and performance characteristics of porous materials in CPCMs, including carbonbased materials, porous oxides, metal foams, metal-organic frameworks and polymer materials. Moreover, it deeply explores the principles, advantages and limitations of pore channel design techniques and processes， such as the template method, self-assembly method, 3D printing method and electrospinning method. Finally, the challenges faced in porous CPCMs are analyzed, such as the high preparation cost of high-performance porous matrices, potential environmental risks of related chemical agents, the balance optimization between thermal conductivity and heat storage capacity, and the long-term stability under extreme environments, and the future development directions are prospected, providing a reference for promoting the further research and application of porous CPCMs.