Ecological restoration in desert area is a world problem. Vegetation restoration is one of the most sustainable methods, however it faces the challenge of scientific water utilization. The most effective way to solve this problem is the use of new material technology. This paper analyzes the principles and characteristics of water science materials in recent years, mainly including four contents. Firstly, the interface water-transport mechanism and water drop formation of the structural micro-irrigation technique were studied. Secondly, the dynamic and water-transmitting kinetics of the self-adjusting were discussed. Thirdly, the scientific analysis and fog-collection tests of the biomimetic dew condensation material were studied. And finally, the water storage principle and characteristics of the biological soil crusts were analyzed. Combined with the properties of water resources in desert, the future research fields and potential characteristics of the desert water science materials were predicted, and the viewpoint of “intelligent irrigation” and “in-situ water collection” would be two important leading trends in the future was proposed.