1 kA级高温超导电流引线的结构优化设计及制备研究-中国材料进展

文章信息/Info

Title:: Structural Optimization Design and Fabrication of 1 kA-Class High-Temperature Superconducting Current Leads

作者:: 李力; 刘学谦; 刘静; 杨明臻; 冯建情; 张胜楠; 金利华; 1. 广东电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院，广东广州 510062 2. 南方电网公司电力超导联合实验室，广东广州 510080 3. 西北有色金属研究院，陕西西安 710016

Author(s):: LI Li1; LIU Xueqian; LIU Jing; YANG Mingzhen; FENG Jianqing; ZHANG Shengnan; JIN Lihua; 1. Electric Power Research Institute of Guangdong Power Grid Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510062, China 2. Joint Laboratory on Power Superconducting Technology of China Southern Power Grid Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510080, China 3. Northwest Institute for Nonferrous Metal Research, Xian 710016,China

Keywords:: high-temperature superconducting current leads; structural optimization; array layout; self-field degradation

摘要:: 为解决中小型1 kA级高温超导电流引线在高通流条件下自场衰减严重、利用率低的问题，在理论分析、数值仿真及实验验证基础上，对传统堆叠密排式结构进行了结构优化设计。首先，采用一维解析模型和COMSOL有限元仿真对换热器段的热传导性能进行系统分析，确定最优长度截面比；其次，提出2×10阵列式分散排布结构设计，基于FR?4材料构建外支撑骨架，完成高温超导段样品制备；最后，在77 K液氮环境下对优化结构和传统结构进行通流测试，结果表明优化结构的自激发场强度较传统堆叠密排式降低60.8%，对应临界电流保持率由55%提升至80%（其中“临界电流保持率”指在运行磁场下超导带材保持的临界电流与无磁场下临界电流的比值）；同时，该设计兼顾引线的紧凑体积（Φ44 mm×362 mm）、高效散热及易维护性，展现出优异的电输运稳定性和高可靠性，具有广泛应用前景。

Abstract:: To address the severe self?field degradation and low utilization of compact 1 kA?class high?temperature superconducting current leads under high current?carrying conditions, this paper presents an optimized structural design of the conventional densely stacked configuration, based on theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and experimental validation. First, a one?dimensional analytical model and COMSOL finite?element simulation were used to systematically analyze the thermal performance of the heat?exchanger section and determine the optimal length?to?cross?section ratio. Second, a 2×10 distributed array layout was proposed, and the HTS section sample was fabricated on an FR?4 support skeleton. Finally, current?carrying tests were carried out at 77 K in a liquid?nitrogen environment for both the optimized and conventional structures. The results show that the optimized design reduces the self?induced field by 60.8% compared with the traditional densely stacked layout, raising the critical current retention rate from 55% to 80% (where “critical current retention rate” is defined as the ratio of the critical current under the operating magnetic field to that under zero field). Moreover, the design maintains a compact footprint (Φ44 mm×362 mm), efficient heat dissipation and ease of maintenance, demonstrating excellent electrical transport stability and high reliability with broad application prospects.