镍基合金表面激光精密抛光及其摩擦性能研究-中国材料进展

文章信息/Info

Title:: Laser Precision Polishing of Nickel-Based Alloy Surface and Its Frictional Properties

作者:: 赵朕; 庞华; 邱翠翠; 孙汝剑; 李庆; 刘文斌; 刘大猛; 1季华实验室，广东佛山 528000 2清华大学高端装备界面科学与技术全国重点实验室，北京 100863 3中国航空制造技术研究院，北京 100863

Author(s):: Zhen Zhao; Hua Pang; Cuicui Qiu; Jianru Sun; Qing Li; Wenbin Liu1; Dameng Liu; 1. Jihua Laboratory, Foshan 528200, China 2. State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084,China 3. AVIC Manufacturing Technology Institute, Beijing 100024, China

Keywords:: Laser polishing; Nickel-based superalloys; Surface roughness; Marangoni effect; Tribological performance

摘要:: 镍基高温合金是航空发动机热端部件的关键材料，其服役性能高度依赖于表面光洁度与组织结构。然而，现有机械或人工抛光方法在复杂构件上难以兼顾纳米级抛光与力学性能增强。为此，本文采用激光精密抛光方法，系统探究激光功率、扫描速度与线间距对合金表面形貌及摩擦学性能的影响。在 110 W、600 mm/s、线间距 9 µm 的工艺条件下，表面粗糙度Ra由 518 nm 降至 94 nm，维氏显微硬度由 192 HV 提升至 278 HV，摩擦系数由约 0.25 降至约 0.23。机理分析表明，表面粗糙度的显著降低源于激光重熔与马兰戈尼效应驱动的材料再分布，而近表层硬度提升与摩擦学性能改善则归因于快速凝固诱导的晶粒细化和组织致密化。因此，激光精密抛光为复杂构件上同步实现表面平整化与性能增强提供了可行途径，有望为其在极端服役条件下的工程应用提供技术支撑。

Abstract:: Nickel-based superalloys are key materials for hot-section components in aeroengines, whose service performance critically depends on surface finish and microstructural integrity. However, conventional mechanical or manual polishing techniques struggle to achieve both nanoscale smoothness and mechanical strengthening on complex geometries. Here, a laser precision polishing approach was employed to systematically investigate the effects of laser power, scanning speed, and hatch spacing on surface morphology and tribological behavior. Under optimized parameters (110 W, 600 mm s?¹, 9 µm hatch spacing), the surface roughness (Ra) was reduced from 518 nm to 94 nm, while the Vickers microhardness increased from 192 HV to 278 HV and the friction coefficient decreased from ~0.25 to ~0.23. Mechanistic analysis reveals that the remarkable reduction in roughness arises from laser remelting and Marangoni flow–driven material redistribution, whereas the near-surface hardening and improved tribological performance originate from grain refinement and densification induced by rapid solidification. This study demonstrates that laser precision polishing provides a viable pathway for simultaneously achieving surface planarization and performance enhancement in complex components, offering technological support for their reliable operation under extreme service conditions.