[1]康翼遥,张兹瑜,吴欣强,等.压水堆燃料包壳CRUD沉积机制、影响因素及监测技术研究进展[J].中国材料进展,2026,45(11):040-49.
　KANG Yiyao,ZHANG Ziyu,WU Xinqiang,et al.Research Progress on CRUD Deposition Mechanisms, Influencing Factors, and Monitoring Technologies of PWR Fuel Cladding[J].MATERIALS CHINA,2026,45(11):040-49.
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压水堆燃料包壳CRUD沉积机制、影响因素及监测技术研究进展()

中国材料进展[ISSN:1674-3962/CN:61-1473/TG]

卷:
45
期数:
2026年11
页码:
040-49
栏目:
出版日期:
2026-10-31

文章信息/Info

Title:
Research Progress on CRUD Deposition Mechanisms, Influencing Factors, and Monitoring Technologies of PWR Fuel Cladding
作者:
康翼遥1; 2; 张兹瑜1; 吴欣强1; 谭季波1
1中国科学院金属研究所，辽宁，沈阳 110016 2中国科学技术大学，安徽，合肥 230026
Author(s):
KANG Yiyao1; 2; ZHANG Ziyu1; WU Xinqiang1; TAN Jibo1
1. Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Liaoning 110016, China 2. University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui 230026,China
关键词:
CRUD沉积; 压水堆; 燃料包壳; 过冷核态沸腾; 声发射监测
Keywords:
CRUD deposition;  Pressurized water reactor (PWR);  Fuel cladding;  Subcooled nucleate boiling (SNB);  Acoustic emission
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
压水堆（Pressurized Water Reactor，PWR）燃料包壳表面形成的污垢（Corrosion Related Unidentified Deposits, CRUD）会显著影响燃料包壳传热、腐蚀及堆芯中子学特性，是影响核电站长期安全稳定运行的重要因素。本文系统综述了近年来CRUD沉积机制、影响因素及监测技术等方面的研究进展。首先介绍了CRUD的来源、形成过程及其对传热、CRUD诱导局部腐蚀（CRUD-Induced Localized Corrosion，CILC）和轴向功率偏移（Axial Offset Anomaly，AOA）等影响。随后从腐蚀产物释放及吸附、CRUD形核、生长机及其中的传热传质、流体剪切和气泡动力学诱导剥离等方面归纳了CRUD沉积与演化的主要机理，并总结了DLVO理论、沉积-去除竞争模型及多物理场耦合模型的发展。总结了材料、水化学及热工参数对CRUD沉积行为的影响,主要内容包括包壳成分和表面特性、过冷核态沸腾（Subcooled nucleate boiling, SNB）、热流密度、冷却剂流速以及水化学参数（如pH值、溶解氧、溶解氢和锌注入量）对CRUD沉积的成核、生长和去除过程的影响。最后，综述了声发射、超声检测及电化学等监测技术在CRUD沉积在线监测中的研究进展，并对事故容错燃料（Accident Tolerant Fuel，ATF）包壳材料、多尺度多物理场耦合模拟、原位实时监测以及智能化预测技术的发展方向进行了展望。本文综述了CRUD沉积机制、影响因素及在线监测技术的最新研究进展，并叙述了ATF包壳材料CRUD沉积行为及机理的最新进展，可为CRUD沉积机理研究、在线监测技术发展及先进包壳设计提供参考。
Abstract:
Corrosion-related unidentified deposits (CRUD) formed on the surface of fuel cladding in pressurized water reactors (PWRs) can significantly affect heat transfer performance, corrosion behavior, and neutronic characteristics of fuel assemblies, thereby representing one of the key factors influencing the long-term safety, reliability, and economic operation of nuclear power plants. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in the deposition mechanisms, influencing factors, and monitoring technologies of CRUD. First,the sources, formation process, and engineering impacts of CRUD are introduced, with particular emphasis on heat transfer deterioration, CRUD-induced localized corrosion (CILC), and axial offset anomaly (AOA). Subsequently, the primary mechanisms governing CRUD deposition and evolution are comprehensively reviewed, including corrosion product release and transport, interfacial adsorption, heterogeneous nucleation, deposit growth, heat and mass transfer within the porous CRUD layer, as well as deposit removal induced by fluid shear stress and bubble dynamics. The development of theoretical and numerical models, including the DLVO theory, deposition-removal competition models, and multiphysics coupling models, is also summarized. Furthermore, the effects of fuel cladding materials, water chemistry, and thermal-hydraulic parameters on CRUD deposition behavior are systematically reviewed. Particular attention is given to the influences of cladding composition and surface characteristics, subcooled nucleate boiling (SNB), heat flux, coolant flow velocity, and water chemistry parameters, including pH, dissolved oxygen, dissolved hydrogen, and zinc injection, on the nucleation, growth, and removal of CRUD deposits. Finally, recent progress in online monitoring technologies for CRUD deposition, including acoustic emission, ultrasonic testing, and electrochemical techniques, is reviewed. Future research directions are discussed with a focus on accident tolerant fuel (ATF) cladding materials, multiscale and multiphysics coupled simulations, in situ real-time monitoring, and intelligent prediction technologies. This paper reviews the latest research progress on the CRUD deposition mechanism, influencing factors, and online monitoring technologies. It also describes the latest advancements in the CRUD deposition behavior and mechanism of ATF cladding materials, which can provide references for the study of CRUD deposition mechanisms, the development of online monitoring technologies, and the design of advanced claddings.
更新日期/Last Update: 2026-09-28