凝固原理的前沿进展及其应用-中国材料进展

文章信息/Info

Author(s):: Jie Wanqi; State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University

摘要:: 凝固原理是揭示液固相变过程基本规律的学科领域。基于凝固原理的材料制备与成型加工技术即是凝固技术。凝固技术的应用目标包括铸件的凝固，铸锭的铸造，以及各种金属与非金属材料的熔体法晶体生长。本文在综述分析凝固技术应用背景的基础上，讨论了凝固原理和技术的发展现状。归纳了不同材料加工技术所对应的凝固条件，指出不同加工工艺中凝固过程的差异仅在于对应的温度梯度和冷却速率的不同。进而从工程实践的角度分析了凝固技术研究的前沿方向，指出多组元合金凝固原理，近快速凝固原理与技术，以及多层次凝固分析及其跨尺度耦合是凝固原理与技术研究的发展前沿。最后，分别探讨了铸件铸造、铸锭凝固以及熔体法晶体生长过程中的核心凝固问题与过程控制的原则。

Abstract:: The theories to describe the liquid to solid transformation behaviors are defined to be solidification principles. The materials processing technologies based on controlled liquid to solid transformation processing are solidification technologies. This review paper summarized the applications, including shape casting, ingot casting and crystal growth. The progress of solidification researches of both principles and technologies were then analyzed. The solidification conditions corresponding to different applications were summarized. It was pointed out that the variant solidification technologies can be defined according to the difference of temperature gradient and cooling rates. Furthermore, from the point view of practical applications, the research frontiers were discussed, which should be the solidification principles of multi-component alloys, near rapid solidification principles and technologies, and description of the solidification process in different scales and the correlation relationship among different scales. Finally, the solidification problems related to the shape castings, ingot casting, and melt growth of single crystals, were discussed.