热塑性纳米纤维的制备及功能化-中国材料进展

文章信息/Info

Author(s):: Qiongzhen Liu; Zhou Zhou; Mufang Li; Ke Liu; Qinghua Zhao; Wang Dong*; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, China

摘要:: 本综述以作者发明的一种新型高产出环境友好型热塑性纳米纤维的制造工艺-熔融挤出相分离法为基础，综述了热塑性纳米纤维及膜制备的基本原理、工艺过程、功能化改性及应用研究相关进展。重点介绍了以纤维素为基体抽取热塑性纳米纤维的方法及结构调控的机理，纳米纤维及膜如何通过共聚接枝处理、表面原子转移自由基聚合(SI-ATRP)方法、点击化学（click reaction）等方法实现其功能化改性的原理，以及功能性纳米纤维材料在生物传感器、抗菌、过滤分离和抗污等领域的应用，例如，具有快速检测与消灭细菌等生物有害物质的协同功能的纳米纤维膜传感器，具有优异的杀菌功能的纳米纤维膜，应用于水净化和重金属去除的高效过滤纳米纤维膜，抗非特异性蛋白吸附，以及在光照下具备自清洁自解毒功能的纳米纤维材料等功能化应用。最后，分析了发展新型纳米纤维的关键问题及重要性，展望了纳米纤维的未来发展方向和潜在的应用领域。

Abstract:: This review summarized the preparation principle, processing, functionalization and related research progress of the thermoplastic nanofibers, on the baisis of the new environmentally benign technique- melt extrusion phase separation method invented by the corresponding author. This high-throughput, controllable and fabrication process of thermoplastic nanofibers with a biobased material, cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) as the matrix was introduced. The specific functionalization methods of nanofibers and nanofibrous membranes, including radical graft polymerization, SI-ATRP, and click reaction were illuminated. The research progress on the application in biosensor, antibacterial materials, filtration and separation, and anti-fouling materials of nanofibers and naofibrous membrane were emphasized. New functional materials or appliances were developed, including nanofibers based sensors with synergistic functions of rapidly detecting and eliminating biohazards, antibacterial nanofibrous membranes, hydrophilic PVA-co-PE nanofiber membranes applied in water filtration and heavy metal ion removal, nonspecific protein resistant and photoinduced self-cleaning nanofiber membrane. The key problems for developing functional nanofibers and the importance were discussed. Finally, the promising research direction and the application fields were pointed out.