基于纳微米颗粒和凝胶佐剂的新型疫苗传递体系-中国材料进展

文章信息/Info

Title:: The development of micro/nano particles and hydrogel based vaccine delivery system

Author(s):: YUE Hua; MA Guanghui; State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China

摘要:: 新型疫苗的飞速发展对佐剂或递送体系的研究提出了巨大的挑战。针对传统佐剂在细胞免疫应答方面不足的问题，选取生物相容性好的高分子材料为主要基质，设计并制备出一系列尺寸均一且具有不同颗粒性质（粒径、电荷或表面基团）的纳微米颗粒佐剂。研究表明，新型颗粒佐剂表现出良好的增加抗原内化、促进抗原提呈和T淋巴细胞增殖等优势，有望满足重要传染性疾病甚至恶性肿瘤的防治需求。此外，针对目前仍无有效黏膜免疫佐剂的难题，以具有生物粘附性的壳聚糖为基质，开发了温度敏感性凝胶作为疫苗佐剂。该凝胶佐剂不仅可以使鼻黏膜制剂有效铺展和停留，还可以借助材料本身特性增加抗原渗透性并活化T细胞，从而诱导高效的免疫应答，拓展了传统以注射为主的免疫递送方式。上述基于纳微米颗粒和凝胶佐剂的疫苗传递体系的系统性研究，为新型疫苗传递系统的开发提供了有意义的探索。

Abstract:: The development of novel vaccines posed several challenges for the study of adjuvant. To overcome the incapability of conventional adjuvant on cellular immune response, a serious of uniform sized micro/nano-particles (MP/NPs) with different physio-chemical properties (size, charge or surface group) were prepared by using the polymer materials with good biocompatibility. MP/NPs could improve the antigen internalization, antigen presentation and T cell proliferation, which were catering for the preventive or therapeutic effect against the infectious diseases or cancer. To complement the nasal immune adjuvant, a novel thermal-sensitive hydrogel, which can undergo sol-gel transition at body temperature were developed by using the chitosan with good bioadhesion. This hydrogel could significantly prolong the antigen residence time, enhance the antigen penetration, and activate the immune cells, thus inducing strong immune responses and expanding the conventional vaccination by injection. The MP/NPs and hydrogel based adjuvant exhibited a promising era for the novel vaccine delivery system.