聚芳醚腈结构与性能的研究进展-中国材料进展

文章信息/Info

Title:: Research Progress of Structure and Properties of Poly(arylene ether nitrile)s

Author(s):: PU Zejun; TANG Hailong; TONG Lifen; FENG Mengna; WANG Pan; JIA Kun; LIU Xiaobo*; Research Branch of Functional Materials, Institute of Microelectronic & Solid State Electronic, High-Temperature Resistant Polymers and Composites Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,

摘要:: 20世纪80年代初，因国防军工和尖端技术的需求而发展起来的聚芳醚腈作为一类综合性能优异的结构型高分子材料，具有很高的耐热性、绝缘性、耐辐射性、耐化学性、抗蠕变性及机械强度等，使其作为结构型材料、电子材料和电子元件在航空航天、电子、通信、石油开采、汽车以及其他高技术领域得到了广泛的应用。通过分子设计及亲核芳香取代反应制备的聚芳醚腈主要有聚芳醚腈均聚物、聚芳醚腈共聚物、功能性侧基聚芳醚腈及交联型聚芳醚腈四大种类。结合作者课题组之前的研究成果积累，综述了近年来有关于新型特种工程塑料聚芳醚腈的合成、结构、性能、加工及应用等方面的研究。着重介绍了聚芳醚腈单一填料复合材料及多组分复合材料、荧光功能材料、介电功能材料等的开发，并探讨了功能性侧基聚芳醚腈在废水重金属离子吸附及作为质子交换膜在燃料电池领域的应用。文章最后对该领域的研究方向和前景作了展望。

Abstract:: Polyarylene ether nitriles (PEN) have emerged as structural polymers of excellent comprehensive properties as the increasing requirements from national defense and high-tech field since 1980s. Owing to their high thermal stability, electrical insulation, resistant to radiation and chemical corrosion, anti-creep and good mechanical properties, PENs have been widely employed in structural materials, electronic materials/devices, aerospace, telecommunication, petro exploration, automobile, etc. Basically, PENs obtained from nucleophile substitution reaction be classified as four types: PEN homopolymer, copolymer, PEN containing functional side groups and crosslinked PEN. In this article, the synthesis, structure, properties, processing and application of novel PEN developed recently in our group have been reviewed. Especially, the single-component composites, fluorescent and dielectric functional materials based on PEN and their application as heavy metal ions absorption, proton exchange membrane and fuel cells have been discussed. The review ends a brief outlook of the future directions and prospects of the research area.