无铅压电陶瓷的研究进展及发展趋势-中国材料进展

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作者:: 刘文凤*; 周超; 高景辉; 薛德帧; 张力学; 李盛涛; 任晓兵; 西安交通大学电力设备电气绝缘国家重点实验室前沿科学技术研究院金属强度国家重点试验室

Author(s):: Liu Wenfeng*; Zhou Chao; Gao Jinghui; Xue Dezhen; Zhang Lixue; Li Shengtaoand Ren Xiaobing; State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior of Materials

摘要:: 压电陶瓷已被广泛应用于航空航天、舰艇声纳、高速列车、汽车、精密仪器控制、移动通讯、办公及家用电子产品等领域，在全球已经形成了每年近百亿美元的巨大市场。然而，目前压电产业主的主力为对人体及环境有害的锆钛酸铅(PZT)陶瓷。随着国际上对电子产品中使用含铅等有害材料的限制愈来愈严格，拥有巨大市场的压电陶瓷的无铅化已成为摆在全球面前的紧迫任务。准同相界（MPB）是获得高压电性能的关键所在，现已开展了大量的研究工作，旨在揭示MPB的物理本质并基于MPB原理获得具有大压电效应及电致应变的环境友好型压电陶瓷。本文综述了三类性能最优的无铅材料体系：钛酸钡基（BT）、铌酸钾钠基（KNN）和钛酸铋钠基（BNT）陶瓷, 近年来在压电理论及实验结果方面的代表性研究进展。

Abstract:: Piezoelectric ceramics is a functional material which can convert mechanical energy into electrical energy and vise-visa. It can find wide applications ranging from our daily life to high-end techniques and dominates a billion-dollar market. For half a century, the working horse of the field is the polycrystalline PbZr1-xTixO3 (PZT), which is now globally resisted for containing the toxic element lead. Thus, the research of lead-free piezoelectric ceramic with high performance has been a hot topic all over the world. It is believed that the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) in phase diagram is the key to achieve high piezoelectric performance; great efforts have been made to build the MPB in lead-free system and reveal the physical nature of MPB. In the present paper, we review the recent progress, both experimental and theoretical, in the most promising lead-free ceramic systems, i.e. BaTiO3, (KNa)NbO3 and (BiNa)TiO3 systems.