高速列车粉末冶金制动材料的研究进展-中国材料进展

文章信息/Info

Title:: Progress in Powder Metallurgical Brake Materials for HighSpeed Trains

Author(s):: YAO Pingping; XIAO Yelong; ZHANG Zhongyi; ZHOU Haibin; GONG Taimin; ZHAO Lin; DENG Minwen; State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy，Central South University，Changsha 410083，China

Keywords:: highspeed train; brake materials; powder metallurgy; research progress; tribological properties

摘要:: 为适应高速列车更快速、更安全、更舒适、更环保的发展需求，高速列车制动材料应具备合适且稳定的摩擦因数、优良的耐磨性、高的耐热性与抗热疲劳性、足够的机械强度、与制动盘匹配良好、良好的环境适应性及环境友好性等特性。由于在制动方面具有不可替代的优越性，目前300 km/h及以上的高速列车均采用粉末冶金制动材料。从材料设计、制备技术、摩擦磨损性能与机理及性能评价等方面，对近年来高速列车粉末冶金制动材料的研究进展进行了综述。首先，阐述了材料中基体组元、润滑组元及摩擦组元的基础研究，以及材料的环保化、组元简易化发展趋势；其次，探讨了制备工艺参数对摩擦磨损性能的影响，简述了制备技术的发展；再次，分析了服役条件对摩擦磨损性能的影响规律，介绍了闸片/制动盘匹配性的研究；最后，归纳了摩擦磨损性能的评价与预测方法，总结了摩擦磨损机理的最新研究进展。

Abstract:: To meet the demands of highspeed trains that become faster, safer, more comfortable and ecofriendly, the brake materials for highspeed trains should possess the characteristics of the predictable friction coefficient, satisfactory wear resistance, high heat resistance and thermal fatigue resistance, sufficient mechanical performance, low aggressivity against the brake disc, and environmental friendliness. Due to their attractive properties, powder metallurgical materials are top choices as brake materials for highspeed trains with the maximum speed of 300 km/h and above. Research progress on the materials design, preparative technique, tribological properties, and performance assessment of powder metallurgical brake materials for highspeed trains in recent years were summarized. Firstly, the fundamental research on metal matrix, lubricant component, and friction component, and the trends on environmental friendliness and simplification of components added to the material were elaborated. Secondly, the effects of process parameters on the frictional properties were discussed, and the progress in preparative technique was described. Thirdly, the influences of the braking conditions on the tribological properties were analyzed, and the adaptability of brake pads/disc was introduced. Finally, the braking performance evaluation and prediction were demonstrated, and the latest research progress in the friction and wear mechanism was reviewed.