[1]马思源,郭强,张荻.纳米Al2O3增强金属基复合材料的研究进展[J].中国材料进展,2019,(06):577-587.[doi:10.7502/j.issn.1674-3962.201811011]
　MA Siyuan,GUO Qiang,ZHANG Di.Research Progress on NanoAl2O3 Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites[J].MATERIALS CHINA,2019,(06):577-587.[doi:10.7502/j.issn.1674-3962.201811011]
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纳米Al2O3增强金属基复合材料的研究进展()
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中国材料进展[ISSN:1674-3962/CN:61-1473/TG]

卷:
期数:
2019年第06期
页码:
577-587
栏目:
前沿综述
出版日期:
2019-06-30

文章信息/Info

Title:
Research Progress on NanoAl2O3 Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites
作者:
马思源; 郭强; 张荻
上海交通大学 金属基复合材料国家重点实验室
Author(s):
MA Siyuan;  GUO Qiang;  ZHANG Di
State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiaotong University
关键词:
纳米Al2O3; 金属基复合材料; 制备过程; 力学性能; 增强机制
Keywords:
nano-alumina;  metal matrix composites;  preparation methods;  mechanical properties;  enhancement mechanism
DOI:
10.7502/j.issn.1674-3962.201811011
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
纳米Al2O3颗粒具有优异的力学性能，加入金属中可以大幅提高材料的拉伸强度、屈服强度、硬度等常温力学性能及高温性能。在目前的实验室及工业生产中，制备纳米Al2O3应用最广泛的是液相法，包括沉淀法、溶胶-凝胶法、水解法、微乳液法等。纳米Al2O3增强金属基复合材料可以通过外加法或原位法制备。外加法是在制备复合材料之前单独合成纳米Al2O3颗粒，结合粉末冶金、熔铸等方法引入金属基体，但往往容易出现纳米增强体团聚及增强体与基体界面结合不好。适当的加工工艺，如机械合金化、摩擦搅拌工艺，能在一定程度上弥补这些缺点。原位法是使金属Al发生氧化反应，或基体中其他元素的氧化物与金属Al发生铝热反应生成Al2O3，再通过热压、挤出等致密化手段来制备纳米Al2O3增强金属基复合材料。原位法制备的复合材料往往增强相与基体界面结合更好，且纳米Al2O3在基体中分布更均匀、分散。纳米Al2O3在金属基复合材料中增强机制主要有两方面，一是Orowan机制，弥散在金属晶粒内部的纳米Al2O3颗粒起到阻碍位错通过的作用；二是部分纳米Al2O3分布在金属晶界附近，阻止晶界移动，从而阻止晶粒长大。最后展望了纳米Al2O3增强金属基复合材料的发展前景，指出显微组织结构的构型设计是进一步提高这类材料综合力学性能的有效途径。
Abstract:
Nano-alumina particles have excellent mechanical properties. When they are incorporated into metals, they can greatly improve the tensile strength, yield strength, hardness at room temperature and high-temperature properties of the matrix metals. At present, the most widelyused preparation method of nano-alumina in laboratory and industry are liquid phase methods, including precipitation method, sol-gel method, hydrolysis method, micro-emulsion method. Metal matrix composites (MMCs) reinforced by nano-alumina can be produced by ex-situ methods or in-situ methods. Ex-situ method is to add asexisting nano-alumina particles into the metal matrix by powder metallurgy or casting. Ex-situ method is prone to generate agglomeration of the nanoparticles and the interface adhesion between the reinforcement and the matrix may not be very strong. Appropriate processing techniques, such as mechanical alloying and friction stir processing, can mitigate these shortcomings. In-situ method is to synthesize the nano alumina particles during the process through the chemical reaction between oxygencontaining contents with the aluminum matrix, followed by subsequent densification steps such as hot pressing and hot extrusion. MMCs prepared by in-situ methods tend to have better adhesion between the reinforcement phase and the matrix, and the nano-alumina is more uniformly distributed in the matrix. There are two main enhancement mechanisms of nano-alumina in MMCs, one is the Orowan mechanism, the other is some nano-alumina particles are distributed near grain boundaries, which can prevent grain boundary to move. At last, we provide some outlook on the future development of nano-alumina reinforced MMCs and suggest that careful architecture design on the microstructure of the composites may lead to the attainment of composites with superior mechanical properties.

备注/Memo

备注/Memo:
收稿日期：2018-11-19修回日期：2018-12-16
基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目(51771111)
第一作者：马思源，男，1994年生，硕士研究生
通讯作者：郭强，男，1982年生，研究员，博士生导师，Email: guoq@sjtu.edu.cn
张荻，男，1957年生，教授，博士生导师，Email: zhangdi@sjtu.edu.cn
更新日期/Last Update: 2019-07-10