镁基储氢材料改性研究进展-中国材料进展

文章信息/Info

Title:: Advances in the Enhancement of Hydrogen Sorption Performance of Magnesium-Based Materials

作者:: 胡建江1; 姬晓隆1; 刘明硕1; 徐涛2; （1. 烟台大学化学化工学院，山东烟台 264005）（2. 湖北航天化学技术研究所，湖北襄阳 441003）

Author(s):: HU Jianjiang1; JI Xiaolong1; LIU Mingshuo1; XU Tao2; （1. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering，Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China）（2. Hubei Institute of Aerospace Chemotechnology，Xiangyang 441003, China）

Keywords:: Mg-based hydrogen storage materials; catalytical additives; nanoconfinement; nanostructuring; free standing nanoparticle

摘要:: 氢气的高效安全储运是发展氢能源经济迫切需要解决的问题。金属镁在地壳中含量丰富，其氢化物（MgH2）分子含氢量达7.6%，是含氢量最高的、可循环吸放氢的简单金属氢化物，体积储氢密度（110 kg/m3）高于液态氢，作为固体储氢介质一直备受关注。然而，MgH2的热力学性质稳定，氢化反应焓变为 -75 kJ/mol H2，0.1 MPa平衡分压温度在300 ℃左右，远高于质子交换膜燃料电池（proton exchange membrane fuel cell, PEMFC）实际工作温度。近几十年来，为了改善MgH2的吸放氢性能，各国研究人员进行了大量研究工作，在提高镁基材料储氢性能上取得了巨大进步，特别是材料的纳米结构化产生的尺寸效应使镁基材料储氢性能已趋于实用化要求。首先介绍镁基固体储氢材料特性，然后分类介绍提高储氢性能的原理、效果和存在的问题以及发展趋势。

Abstract:: The efficient and safe storage and transport of hydrogen are bottleneck issues that necessitate a solution for the implementation of hydrogen as a sustainable clean energy resource. Magnesium is abundant in the earth’s crust, and its hydride (MgH2) has a hydrogen content of 7.6%, which is the highest among the binary metal hydrides that can reversibly store hydrogen. With a volumetric hydrogen capacity (110 kg/m3) higher than liquid hydrogen, MgH2 is regarded as a promising solid hydrogen storage medium. However, the high operation temperature due to its stable thermodynamics (enthalpy of formation is -75 kJ/mol) limits its practical application for PEM fuel cell. In order to improve the hydrogen sorption performance of MgH2, intensive research activities have been undertaken worldwide in the past decades and significant improvements have been achieved. In particular, hydrogen storage properties of MgH2 close to the practical requirement have been attained by the size-effect through nanostructuring. This paper introduces the physical characteristics of magnesium-based hydrogen storage materials, principles and achievements for the improvement of hydrogen sorption kinetics and thermodynamics, as well as remaining issues. Prospects for further improvement of sorption performance have been discussed.