Graphene is a two-dimensional carbon material, which is composed of monolayer of carbon atoms tightly packed into hexagonal symmetry. Because of its extraordinary optical, electrical, mechanical and thermal properties, graphene has been widely applied in biomedicine, biosensor, transparent conductive film, electron device, energy storage, catalysis and becomes the research focus of nano-biomedicine. The present study of graphene and its derivatives is mainly concentrated on the field of physics, chemistry and materials, but it has just begun on the biomedical field. This study mainly focuses on the preparation, applications and latest biomedical progress of graphene-based composite materials including biological imaging, drug and gene loading, photothermal therapy, antibacterial materials and scaffolds for tissue engineering. And we also discuss the prospects and future trend in this field.