Cold spray is a rapidly developing, solid-state powder deposition technology that features low spraying temperature, high deposition efficiency, and high building rate. It has been widely studied and has broad applications in areas including metal coating fabrication, damaged parts repairing, and additive manufacturing. Conventionally, the substrate materials for cold spray are usually metallic materials, and the corresponding bonding mechanism has been well investigated. In recent years, as the demands for composite materials are increasing in a wide range of industries, depositing metallic coatings onto nonmetallic substrates (also known as surface metallization) using cold spray has attracted attention. This review summarizes previous research results on cold spray metallization of polymers and ceramics. Based on various commonly used polymeric and ceramic materials, the mechanisms of cold spraying metals onto non-metallic substrate materials are discussed, and the influence of process parameters and material parameters on cold spray metallization is analyzed.