Compared with traditional nickel-based superalloys, lightweight high-entropy high-temperature alloys can possess remarkable characteristics, such as high strength and low density, and have captured extensive attention. This paper reviews recent advancements in this field and categorizes these alloys into four types based on phase structures: single-phase solid solution strengthening alloys, intermetallic compound phase strengthening alloys, eutectic structure strengthening alloys, and non-metallic element strengthening alloys. Singlephase solid solution strengthening alloys improve performance through elemental regulation, for instance, the addition of Al element in the Al-Nb-V-TiZr system can significantly enhance its strength and hardness. Intermetallic compound phase strengthening alloys improve performance by incorporating a second phase, although certain intermetallic compounds may introduce brittleness. Eutectic structure strengthening alloys demonstrate excellent hightemperature performance but require further improvement in room temperature ductility. Non-metallic element strengthening alloys benefit from various strengthening mechanisms, and precise control of the addition amount is critical. While significant progress has been made in composition design and microstructure optimization of lightweight high-entropy high-temperature alloys, they still face challenges such as high cost and complex manufacturing processes. In the future, we should focus on optimizing composition and structure, deepening theoretical understanding, reducing manufacturing cost, and expanding applications through interdisciplinary collaboration to promote the development and widespread adoption of lightweight high-entropy hightemperature alloys.