New superconductor materials have been constantly found since the discovery of superconductivity in 1911. With the critical temperature and the inherent flux-pinning property improved continually, the practical superconducting magnetic levitation (maglev) technology became possible. Firstly, the main maglev transportation methods and their characteristics are introduced. They are electromagnetic suspension (EMS), low-temperature superconducting electrodynamic suspension (LTS EDS), and high-temperature superconducting Maglev (HTS Maglev). Secondly, the development history and the state of the art of HTS Maglev around the word are emphasized and described in detail by focusing on its self-stable levitation characteristics. In June 2014, Southwest Jiaotong University built a test platform for HTS Maglev–evacuated tube transport (HTS Maglev–ETT), “Super-Maglev”. Based on the “Super-Maglev”, the HTS Maglev and the ETT concepts had been successfully combined. Finally, the prominent advantages of the HTS Maglev are summarized compared with other Maglev technologies. Furthermore, several potential rail transit applications with different speeds are proposed and discussed in order to gain accesses to the markets.