Transitionmetal layered double hydroxides (LDHs), a class of layered functional material with high flexibility of structure, morphology and component, have been widely used in the field of electrochemical energy storage and conversion, especially in electrochemical water splitting. Currently, designing lowcost and earthabundant transitionmetal based electrode materials of high activity and electrochemical stability is urgently desired, for which LDHs may offer numerous opportunities. This review summarized the recent progresses on LDHs and their composites in the use of electrocatalyst for water splitting. In addition, current challenges and possible strategies were discussed based on the aspect of material design and performance.