Conventional microwave absorption materials, such as ferrite, magnetic metal particles and their alloys, have a few shortcomings of high density, poor environmental stability, weak electromagnetic wave absorption and narrow absorption bandwidth, limiting their applications in the field of microwave absorption. Recently, graphene has grabbed the considerable attention from many researchers, owing to its high mechanical strength, low density and excellent dielectric properties. However, the poor impedance matching and single loss mechanism of graphene result in the weak microwave absorption performance. Thus, it is a common strategy to enhance the microwave absorption performance by the incorporation of other dielectric or magnetic loss material. In addition, the rational structure design of the microwave absorber is also conductive to the absorption of the microwave. Based on the research situation at home and abroad, this paper summarizes the recent research progresses of both preparation and performance of graphene-based microwave absorption materials, and the development tendency is also put forward.