Photonicbandgap metamaterial is a kind of attractive manmade material used to manipulate light transmission, which commonly appears as microstructure or nanostructure composed of periodic dielectrics, metals, or even superconductors. The photonic bandgap can be regarded as the light propagating in the photonic crystal undergoes multiple reflections at the interfaces of high and low dielectric constant regions and destructive interference, similar to the electron bandgap of solidstate physics. This paper focuses on several popular fields of photonic bandgap metamaterial research in recent years: photonic crystal fiber, optical topological state, Dirac point zero refractive index and bandgap modulation luminescence, from the theory of condensed matter physics. Comparing with the electronic bandgap and Dirac equation theory, the development and application of dielectric photonic crystals, optical topological insulators, multiple degeneracy at Dirac point, composite photonicbandgap materials composed of metal, luminescent materials and photonic crystals are demonstrated in detail. The flexible and tunable properties of photonic bandgap metamaterials can be used not only to design conventional optical device with higher quality, but also to obtain exotic properties that are not found in nature. We believe that, with the development and progress of modern science and technology, multidisciplinary and multidirectional crossfusion can further broaden the design ideas of photonic metamaterials and promote the theory results to transform to application.