Microalloying is one of the most effective approaches to optimize the mechanical properties of aluminum alloys. How to utilize the microalloying effect specifically as well as efficiently, and deeply understand the microalloying mechanism, is a grand challenge for the high-performance aluminum alloys sexisting for a long period. Based on the recent development of advanced microstructural characterization and computational simulation, the investigations of microalloying mechanism in aluminum alloys have achieved much with a better inspection into nano and atomic scale. This paper briefly reviewed the recent progresses in ageing-hardening microalloyed aluminum alloys aiming to tailor the precipitation behavior, which is generally classified as three main goals: promoting the nucleation of original precipitates as heterogenous nuclei; segregating to precipitate/matrix interface to enhance its stability; creating extra strengthening precipitates. Related multiple microalloying effects were also discussed. At the end, a brief prospect of the microalloyed aluminum alloys in future was proposed.