Conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) are a class of porous organic polymers, which consist of fully conjugated molecular chains with a threedimensional network skeleton and have a microporous structure with a pore diameter of less than 2 nm. From the molecular structure, the rigidity and bonding mode of the conjugated units render its skeleton to effectively support the microporous channel, instead of forming a ππ stacking like those dense agglomerates as found in conjugated small molecules, linear conjugated polymers. Therefore, CMPs not only possess the photoelectric properties of certain conjugated polymers, but also provide stable porosity, and have the characteristics of functional cutting, high environmental stability, simple preparation pathway and diversification. Since the first preparation of CMPs in 2007, various preparation methods have been developed so far, and a series of applications have been achieved in the fields of gas adsorption, chemical sensing, heterogeneous catalysis, energy storage and conversion. In this review, the preparation methods and applications of conjugated microporous polymers are summarized, and the main problems and future development directions of CMPs are summarized.