In order to explore the effects of surface condition on the corona aging process and characteristics of silicone rubber, this paper uses a multi-needle-plate electrode to conduct corona aging tests for different time on silicone rubber samples with clean and soiled surfaces, measures changes in the hydrophobicity and microstructure of the material surface before and after aging, and tests the surface flashover voltage in the artificial fog chamber. The research results show that: compared with silicone rubber with clean surface, to a certain extent, surface contamination will weaken the impact of corona discharge on silicone rubber surface, with the increase of pollution degree, the change of static contact angle after aging gradually decreases, and the destructive effect from corona discharge on the surface of silicone rubber weakens; the flashover voltage of silicone rubber decreases with the increase of pollution degree and gradually stabilizes, at the same time, the deeper the aging degree, the lower the flashover voltage. The results of this paper may provide a reference for the design and anti-pollution flashover of silicone rubber composite insulators.