Synchrotron radiation in-situ X-ray scattering technology can realize the multi-scale, non-destructive and high temporal and spatial resolution characterization of material structure, and dynamically reveal the evolution process of the material microstructure in different external environments. The basic theory of X-ray scattering is relatively mature. The third-generation synchrotron radiation source greatly improves the temporal and spatial resolution of X-ray scattering technology, thus further broadens the application scenarios of X-ray scattering technology. The difficulty of the current synchrotron radiation in-situ X-ray scattering technology is mainly manifested in the design of experimental equipment and big data processing. This article summarized the primary classification and basic experimental methods of X-ray scattering technology and introduced the application of synchrotron radiation in-situ X-ray scattering technology in the research of various nanomaterials, including the growth and self-assembly of nanoparticles, and energy materials, represented by perovskite thin films as examples. Finally, combined with the current development status of advanced light sources at home and abroad, the future development direction and application prospects of synchrotron radiation in-situ X-ray scattering technology were prospected.