Space science and technology represents the development and application status of a country’s advanced manufacturing industry. With the rapid development of space science and technology, many countries will accelerate the development of conversion application technology of advanced materials to be used in spacecraft: accelerating the application of material data in the engineering field, promoting the deep integration of material basic technology and engineering, speeding up the exploration of the relationship between advanced material performance and application technology in terms of length and time scale, and making rapid application conversion technology of materials become a core competitiveness of space technology development. The rapid research and development based on material genetic engineering and rapid application conversion technology of material have gradually attracted great attention in the field of international space applications. The paper combines NASA’s ideas about the construction and development of material data, based on the demand analysis of the development needs of spacecraft materials in China, big data service system construction for spacecraft materials is put forward from three aspects: big data construction and data stream formation, spacecraft material big data application and data service system.