(1. Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Energy Storage Technology and Materials, Research Institute of Chemical Defence, Beijing 100191, China) (2. The College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China)
With the development of solid-state battery, without-negative-anode based high specific energy battery, new lithium-based high energy (Li-O2/Li-S) batteries and the high specific energy primary lithium battery, lithium metal electrode materials have been gradually converted from the simple reference and counter electrodes materials to an important negative electrode material within a liquid battery. However, considering the safety of lithium metal and its intrinsic volume effect, the researches of lithium alloy electrode materials have become an efficient strategy to design a new energy storage system with high specific density and cycle stability. Herein, based on lithium alloy electrode materials, this review mainly discussed the development of these electrodes materials in lithium-ion, lithium-air, lithium-sulfur batteries whatever in liquid, gel-polymer or solid-state. Various types of lithium alloy materials were systematically compared and their advantages and disadvantages were summarized, which will provide a superior electrode towards the demand of the ideal storage system with high specific energy and long cycle life.