Aluminum dross has been included in the national hazardous waste list and belongs to HW48 nonferrous metal mining and smelting waste, which needs to be disposed in accordance with the relevant regulations of hazardous waste management. The performance and composition of aluminum dross from different sources (aluminum smelting, aluminum processing, waste aluminum recovery) vary greatly, so there is no mature detection method for reference,which needs to be studied based on the sample. Therefore, many scholars have done a lot of researches by using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry semi-quantitative, wet chemical analysis, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry, atomic absorption spectrometry, X-ray diffraction phase qualitative and other testing methods; published their own research results and drafted several industry standards. However, due to the insufficient consideration of individual standards and individual scholars, the test methods proposed are worth discussing. In order to enable the technical personnel engaged in aluminum dross disposal to have a more comprehensive understanding of the testing methods of aluminum dross, this paper systematically analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the above methods, and proposes the method of Rietveld full spectrum fitting for quantitative analysis of aluminum dross, which provides a new idea for the analysis and detection of primary aluminum dross and aluminum dross after harmless treatment.