轻质蜂窝材料烧蚀试验方法-中国材料进展

文章信息/Info

作者:: 高贺1; 陈连忠1; 张亮1; 梁馨2; 李仲平2; （ 1 中国航天空气动力技术研究院，北京 100074）
（ 2 航天材料及工艺研究所，北京 100076）

Author(s):: GAO He1; CHEN Lianzhong1; ZHANG Liang1; LIANG Xin2; LI Zhongping2; （1. China Academy of Aerospace Aerodynamics, Beijing 100074, China）
(2. Research Institute of Aerospace Materials and Processing Technology, Beijing 100076, China)

摘要:: 热防护技术是高超声速飞行器再入的重要技术，而轻质蜂窝材料是热防护技术中大量采用的防热材料，在地面试验中超声速自由射流驻点烧蚀是考核防热材料烧蚀性能的有效手段。大尺寸平面驻点烧蚀试验中，烧蚀表面热流分布不均匀，使得试验过程中烧蚀表面的形状发生改变，从而造成试验状态的偏离，最终导致烧蚀结果的误差，采用球面等热流外形设计可以有效解决该问题。详细介绍了驻点烧蚀的试验方法和试验设备，简要说明了热流测量的工程算法和理论原理，进而着重阐述了平面驻点模型对烧蚀结果的影响，并根据试验和计算结果给出了改进烧蚀表面热流均匀性分布的等热流球面方法，最后结合试验对球面模型和平面模型的热流测量及烧蚀结果做了详细的对比分析，解释了平面模型产生较大烧蚀量误差的原因。

Abstract:: Heat protection is an important technology in hypersonic flight reentry, the light weight cellular ablator is a kind of materials which is used to heat protection usually. In ground test the free flow supersonic stagnation ablation is an effective method to estimate the ablation performance of material. In the large scale flatsurface stagnation ablation test, the heat flux in the ablation surface is not uniform, so that the result of the ablate test is not absolutely correct, but the equal heat flux of sphericalsurface design can solve the problem efficaciously. In this paper, the method and the equipment of the stagnation ablation test is introduced particularly, meanwhile the engineering arithmetic and the theory of heat flux measurement is shown briefly, subsequently the ablation result which is affected by the flatsurface mode seriously is emphasized, whereafter according to the results of test and simulation the sphericalsurface model that can improve the heat flux uniformity of ablation surface is mentioned, at last through the contrastive experiment, the different result of measurement and test between the flat and spherical model is analyzed in detail, and a larger error of ablation in flatsurface model is explained.