仿贝壳层状复合装甲材料研究进展-中国材料进展

文章信息/Info

Author(s):: ZENG Fan; ZHANG Zhiming; FAN Genlian; TAN Zhanqiu; LI Zhiqiang; (State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240,China)

Keywords:: biomimetic; nacre; armor material; high strength and toughness; bulletproof performance

摘要:: 贝壳珍珠母层因其独特的结构而成为了一种优秀的仿生材料模板，借鉴于贝壳高度复杂的多级叠层结构，仿贝壳层状复合装甲材料体现出了优异的强韧度和抗冲击性能，得到了防弹防护领域的广泛关注和研究。目前，仿贝壳层状复合装甲材料的研究方向主要集中于贝壳珍珠母层高综合性能的原因和验证，及其在各种材料中的复现。综述了各种仿贝壳层状复合装甲材料的强韧化原理、制备技术和防护性能。首先综述了贝壳的各种外在和内在的增韧机制；其次综述了目前常见的各种仿生制备技术及制备出材料的力学性能；在防护性能方面，主要综述了各种弹道测试和有限元分析下的仿贝壳层状复合装甲材料的研究现状。各种研究表明，仿贝壳层状复合材料确实具有高强高韧、高断裂吸收功等特点，但是要完美地做到仿生制备和精细调控材料的微观结构和力学性能，仍需要进行更多的研究。

Abstract:: Nacre is regarded as an excellent template for biomimetic materials because of its unique structure. The nacre-like laminated armor materials inspired from this highly complex multi-level laminated structure, have a combination of excellent strength, toughness and impact resistance. As a result, they have received extensive attentions in the field of bulletproof protection. At present, most researches of nacre-like laminated armor materials focused on the reason exploration and verification of the excellent properties, as well as the biomimetic synthesis in various materials. In this paper, the strengthening and toughening mechanisms, fabrication technology and protective properties of various nacre-like laminated armormaterials are reviewed. Firstly, the intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms behind the excellent performance are reviewed, as well as various commonly used biomimetic techniques and mechanical properties. In terms of protective performance, the various ballistic tests and finite element analysis of the nacre-like laminated armor materials are mainly reviewed. Various studies have shown that the materials do have high strength, high toughness, and high fracture absorption work, etc., but more researches are needed to achieve more efficient biomimetic preparation and fine structure control.