FeMnAlNi系超弹性合金的研究进展-中国材料进展

文章信息/Info

Author(s):: WANG Bichen; CUI Ye; LIAN Hongkai; WANG Shengjiang; WU Guangchuan; ZHANG Zhongwu; (College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150000, China)

Keywords:: FeMnAlNi; superelastic alloys; thermoelastic martensite; martensitic transformation; precipitation

摘要:: FeMnAlNi系合金因极大的超弹性温度范围(-196~240 ℃)与马氏体相变临界应力极低的温度依赖性（Clausius-Clapeyron斜率压缩时小于0.2 MPa/℃，拉伸时小于0.5 MPa/℃），在航空航天、空间探索、减振抗震等方面展现出了良好的应用前景，成为近年来超弹性合金研究的热点。FeMnAlNi系合金的超弹性受到多种因素的影响，提高其超弹性的关键在于控制析出相合理的析出状态提高相变的热弹性，增大晶粒尺寸提高相变的协调性，选择合适的晶粒取向激活更多的马氏体变体。首先介绍了马氏体相变与超弹性的关系，然后从FeMnAlNi系合金特殊的马氏体相变出发，对影响其超弹性的主要因素，包括组织因素（析出相、晶粒尺寸、晶粒取向）以及环境因素（磁场、温度）目前的研究进展作出了归纳与总结，最后对Fe-MnAlNi系超弹性合金未来的研究发展方向进行了展望。

Abstract:: Due to its wide superelastic temperature range (-196~240 ℃) and extremely low temperature dependence on the critical stress of martensitic transformation（Clausius-Clapeyron slope is less than 0.2 MPa/℃ in compression and less than 0.5 MPa/℃ in tensile）, FeMnAlNi-based alloys have shown bright application prospects in aerospace, space exploration, vibration attenuation and antiseismic infrastructures, etc. The enhancement of the superelastic properties has been investigated extensively, becoming a hot research topic recently. The superelastic properties of FeMnAlNi alloys are affected by many factors. The key factors to improve the superelastic properties are as follows: controlling the reasonable precipitation state to improve the thermoelasticity of phase transition, increasing the grain size to improve the coordination of phase transition, and selecting the appropriate grain orientation to activate more martensite variants. This article first introduces the relationship between martensite phase transformation and superelasticity, next based on the special martensitic phase transformation of Fe-MnAlNi-based superelastic alloys, summarizes the main factors of affecting the superelastic including structure factors (precipitated phase, grain size and grain orientation) and environmental factors (magnetic field, temperature), finally provides an outlook on the future research direction of FeMnAlNibased superelastic alloy.