[1]高凤,张皓伟,崔正威,等.炭材料致密化技术及其研究进展[J].中国材料进展,2025,44(12):1069-1082.[doi:10.7502/j.issn.1674-3962.202403009]
　GAO Feng,ZHANG Haowei,CUI Zhengwei,et al.Research Progress on Densification Technology for Carbon Materials[J].MATERIALS CHINA,2025,44(12):1069-1082.[doi:10.7502/j.issn.1674-3962.202403009]
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炭材料致密化技术及其研究进展()

中国材料进展[ISSN:1674-3962/CN:61-1473/TG]

卷:
44
期数:
2025年12
页码:
1069-1082
栏目:
出版日期:
2025-12-30

文章信息/Info

Title:
Research Progress on Densification Technology for Carbon Materials
文章编号:
1674-3962(2025)12-1069-14
作者:
高凤; 张皓伟; 崔正威; 袁观明; 许斌
1. 武汉科技大学 省部共建耐火材料与冶金国家重点实验室，湖北 武汉 430081 2. 武汉科技大学 湖北省煤转化与新型炭材料重点实验室，湖北 武汉 430081
Author(s):
GAO Feng;  ZHANG Haowei;  CUI Zhengwei;  YUAN Guanming;  XU Bin
1. State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China 2. Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
关键词:
炭材料; 孔隙; 致密化; 结构; 性能
Keywords:
carbon materials;  porosity;  densification;  structure;  properties
分类号:
TQ127.1
DOI:
10.7502/j.issn.1674-3962.202403009
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
炭材料种类繁多、结构特殊，并且具有优良的导电导热性、化学稳定性以及优异的力学性能，可用于导电剂、换热器和增强增韧材料等，在传统材料、功能材料、高新技术、新能源和生态环境等领域起到了举足轻重和不可替代的作用。但是炭材料通常存在一定数量的孔隙、裂纹和缺陷等，直接影响其物理性能和实际应用。致密化处理是常用的改善炭材料性能的手段，可以有效减少炭材料内部孔隙和裂纹，提高体积密度和致密程度，并改善微晶结构及取向，从而使其力学性能、导热性能和电学性能等得到大幅度提高。首先简单介绍了炭材料的种类、性质及应用，然后对炭材料的晶体结构、理论密度和内部孔隙的形成与分类进行了归纳，并强调了炭材料致密化的目的和原理；系统总结了炭材料致密化的不同方法及技术，包括热模压烧结致密、热致收缩致密、液相浸渍增密和气相渗透/沉积增密；同时梳理了致密化的炭材料的新兴应用，包括高性能炭纤维及其复合材料以及碳基能源存储材料；最后对炭材料致密化的发展趋势和应用前景进行了展望。
Abstract:
Carbon materials are unique due to their wide variety and special structure, possessing good electrical and thermal conductivity, chemical stability and excellent mechanical properties, and can be used as conductive agents, heat exchangers, reinforcing materials, etc., thereby playing a pivotal and irreplaceable role in the traditional materials, functional materials, high and new technology, new energy and ecological environment and other fields. However, carbon materials usually exist a certain number of pores, cracks and structural defects, which directly affect their physical properties and practical applications. Densification is a commonly used means to improve the performance of carbon materials by effectively reducing the internal pores and cracks, increasing the bulk density and compact degree, and improving the microcrystalline structure and orientation, so as to result in a substantial improvement in their mechanical properties, thermal conductivity and electrical properties. The classification, properties and applications of carbon materials are firstly introduced in this paper, then the crystal structure, theoretical density and internal pores formation and category of carbon materials are reviewed, and the purpose and principle of carbon material densification are emphasized. Different methods and techniques of carbon material densification are summarized systematically, including hot-mold sintering densification,thermal shrinkage densification, liquid impregnation densification and gas-phase infiltration/deposition densification. Meanwhile, the emerging applications of densified carbon materials are updated, including highperformance carbon fibers and their composites, as well as carbon-based energy storage. Finally, the development trend and application prospect of carbon material densification are forecasted.

备注/Memo

备注/Memo:
收稿日期：2024-03-09修回日期：2024-11-04 基金项目：国家自然科学基金资助项目（52072275） 第一作者：高凤，女，2001年生，硕士研究生 通讯作者：崔正威，男，1978年生，高级实验师， Email:farstar@163com 袁观明，男，1978年生，教授，博士生导师， Email:yuanguanming@wust.edu.cn
更新日期/Last Update: 2025-12-29