降低高分子材料热释放的方法-中国材料进展

文章信息/Info

作者:: 王紫霓; 赵海波; 刘博文; 四川大学化学学院环保型高分子材料国家地方联合工程实验室教育部环境与火安全高分子材料协同创新中心环境友好高分子材料教育部工程研究中心，四川成都 610064

Author(s):: WANG Zini; ZHAO Haibo; LIU Bowen; The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China

Keywords:: polymer materials; flame retardancy; heat release; flame-retardant method; flame-retardant mechanism

摘要:: 与金属材料和无机非金属材料并列为三大类材料之一的有机高分子材料，广泛应用于国民经济和国防建设的各个领域。由于其有机化学结构，大多数高分子材料都具有易燃性，易被引燃导致火灾事故，危害人们的生命健康和财产安全。评价高分子材料阻燃性更多地是着眼于是否难点燃、易自熄等，而材料一旦被点燃，材料的热释放特性则是直接决定燃烧会否发展为火灾的重要因素。降低高分子材料燃烧时的热释放，可以延缓材料达到轰燃的时间，避免火灾，或在火灾发生前为人员逃生争取更多的时间。重点介绍了降低高分子材料热释放的阻燃方法，其中包括“三源一体”膨胀炭化阻燃、有机/无机纳米复合材料阻隔层阻燃、磷系阻燃、高温自交联/重排炭化阻燃等方法，进一步对该领域面临的挑战和未来发展趋势进行了深入分析。

Abstract:: Organic polymeric materials, classified as one of the three major types of materials together with metal materials and inorganic non-metallic materials, are widely used in various fields of national economy and national defense construction. However, due to their organic chemical structure, most polymer materials are flammable and easily ignited, leading to fire accidents and jeopardizing people’s lives, health and property safety. Evaluation of flameretardant polymeric materials is mostly focused on whether it is difficult to ignite, easy to self-extinguish, etc., however, once ignited, the materials-heat release will directly determine whether it is easy to develop into a tragic fire disaster. Reducing the heat release of polymer materials during combustion can delay the time for the material to reach ignition, and provide more time for personnel escape. Here, this review focuses on the flame-retardant methods to reduce the heat release of polymeric materials, including “all-in-one”intumescent char-forming, organic/inorganic nanocomposites blocked layer, phosphorus based flame retardant and high-temperature char-forming based on self-crosslinking/rearrangement, and further in-depth discusses the challenges and the development trend of these methods in the future.