基于相变工程的金属基复合材料强韧化-中国材料进展

文章信息/Info

Title:: Strengthening and Toughening Metal Matrix Composites via Transformation Engineering

作者:: 郑王树; 贾双悦; 赵蕾; 郭强; 张荻; 1. 上海交通大学金属基复合材料全国重点实验室，上海，200240 2. 新加坡南洋理工大学材料科学与工程学院，新加坡，639798

Author(s):: ZHENG Wangshu; JIA Shuangyue; ZHAO Lei; GUO Qiang; ZHANG Di; 1. State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P.R. China 2. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Republic of Singapore

Keywords:: Metal matrix composites; Phase-transforming ceramics; Martensite; Transformation engineering; Strengthening and toughening

摘要:: 强度和韧性的“倒置关系”是长期以来制约金属基复合材料发展的瓶颈难题。相变陶瓷作为一类兼具优异本征力学性能和可变形能力的增强体，在温度场或力场作用下能够发生奥氏体（四方相）与马氏体（单斜相）的可逆相变，由此产生约10%的晶格应变，有望缓解复合材料界面的应变局域化和应力集中，实现强度与韧性协同提升。基于此，本文综述了国内外研究者对相变陶瓷及其复合化的研究进展，并立足本团队近年在相变陶瓷增韧金属基复合材料领域的进展，提出了金属基复合材料的相变工程策略：以相变陶瓷增韧金属基复合材料为模型材料，阐明了亚稳化设计的难点、热力学模型、机制，从而建立复合材料中奥氏体亚稳化的一般设计原则；通过诱发约束态陶瓷的相变，建立并揭示了强韧化的途径与机制；最终，总结了金属基复合材料的相变工程存在的挑战、并提出展望。

Abstract:: The strength-toughness trade-off has long been a research gap constraining the development of metal matrix composites. As a class of reinforcements with excellent intrinsic mechanical properties and deformability, phase-transforming ceramics can undergo reversible phase transformations between austenite (tetragonal phase) and martensite (monoclinic phase) under the stimuli of temperature or stress fields. The associated ~10% lattice strain is expected to alleviate strain localization and stress concentration at the composite interface, thereby achieving a synergistic enhancement of both strength and toughness. On this basis, this paper reviews the research progress on phase-transforming ceramics and their composites by domestic and international researchers. Furthermore, drawing on recent advances made by our team in the field of phase-transforming ceramic-metal matrix composites, we propose a transformation engineering strategy for metal matrix composites. Specifically, we elucidate the challenges, thermodynamic models, and mechanisms of metastability engineering design, thereby establishing general design principles for austenite metastabilization in composites. By triggering the phase transformation of constrained ceramics, we establish and reveal the pathways and mechanisms for strengthening and toughening in the composites. Finally, we summarize the challenges of transforming engineering in metal matrix composites and propose future outlooks.