复合相变储热材料中多孔骨架研究进展-中国材料进展

文章信息/Info

Title:: Research Progress of Porous Skeletons in Composite Phase Change Thermal Storage Materials

Author(s):: LUAN Jishuang; CHENG Bo; FENG Li; CHU Qianqian; State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Nonferrous Metals, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China

Keywords:: composite phase change thermal storage materials; porous materials; adsorption mechanism; pore channel design techniques; thermal conductivity; heat storage capacity

摘要:: 随着能源需求的持续增长，相变储热材料（phase change materials, PCMs）成为储能领域的研究热点，但传统PCMs存在热导率低、易泄漏等问题。多孔复合相变储热材料（composite PCMs, CPCMs）通过多孔基质与PCMs结合，有效解决了上述难题。简单介绍了CPCMs中的多孔材料对PCMs的吸附原理；详细介绍了CPCMs中碳基、多孔氧化物、金属泡沫及金属有机骨架、高分子聚合物等多孔材料的分类、性能特点；深入探讨了模板法、自组装法、3D打印法、静电纺丝法等孔道设计技术与工艺的原理、优势及局限性。最后分析了多孔基CPCMs在多孔基质低成本制备、环境友好性提升、热导率与储热量平衡优化及极端环境长期稳定性等方面面临的挑战，并对未来发展方向进行了展望，以期为推动多孔基CPCMs的进一步研究与应用提供参考。

Abstract:: With the continuous growth of energy demand, phase change materials (PCMs) have become a research hotspot in the field of energy storage. However, traditional PCMs have problems such as low thermal conductivity and easy leakage. Porous composite phase change materials (CPCMs) can effectively solve the above-mentioned problems by combining porous matrices with PCMs. This paper simply introduces the adsorption principle of porous materials for CPCMs. It also gives a detailed introduction to the classification and performance characteristics of porous materials in CPCMs, including carbonbased materials, porous oxides, metal foams, metal-organic frameworks and polymer materials. Moreover, it deeply explores the principles, advantages and limitations of pore channel design techniques and processes， such as the template method, self-assembly method, 3D printing method and electrospinning method. Finally, the challenges faced in porous CPCMs are analyzed, such as the high preparation cost of high-performance porous matrices, potential environmental risks of related chemical agents, the balance optimization between thermal conductivity and heat storage capacity, and the long-term stability under extreme environments, and the future development directions are prospected, providing a reference for promoting the further research and application of porous CPCMs.