[1]李冠娜,王俊红,常朗,等.低密度高强可焊铝合金的开发设计思路及展望[J].中国材料进展,2026,45(05):397-405.[doi:10.7502/j.issn.1674-3962.202509008]
　LI Guanna,WANG Junhong,CHANG Lang,et al.Strategies and Future Outlook for Low-Density, High-Strength, Weldable Aluminum Alloys[J].MATERIALS CHINA,2026,45(05):397-405.[doi:10.7502/j.issn.1674-3962.202509008]
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低密度高强可焊铝合金的开发设计思路及展望()

中国材料进展[ISSN:1674-3962/CN:61-1473/TG]

卷:
45
期数:
2026年05
页码:
397-405
栏目:
出版日期:
2026-05-31

文章信息/Info

Title:
Strategies and Future Outlook for Low-Density, High-Strength, Weldable Aluminum Alloys
文章编号:
1674-3962(2026)05-0397-09
作者:
李冠娜; 王俊红; 常朗; 商梦瑶; 丁海波; 张济山; 宋西平
北京科技大学 新金属材料全国重点实验室，北京 100083
Author(s):
LI Guanna; WANG Junhong; CHANG Lang; SHANG Mengyao; DING Haibo; ZHANG Jishan; SONG Xiping
State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing，Beijing 100083, China
关键词:
低密度; 铝合金; 设计思路; 高强可焊; 发展展望
Keywords:
low density;  aluminum alloy;  design strategy;  high-strength and weldable; development prospects
分类号:
TG146.21
DOI:
10.7502/j.issn.1674-3962.202509008
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
随着航空航天和交通运输等领域对材料轻量化与高性能的迫切需求，低密度高强可焊铝合金逐渐成为研究热点。传统高强铝合金虽然在强度和耐蚀性方面表现优异，但普遍存在密度较高、焊接性能差的问题。因此，探索兼具低密度、高强度和优良焊接性的铝合金体系，成为当前铝合金研究与应用的关键课题。针对这一需求，基于合金成分调控、组织及相结构优化以及与先进的焊接工艺相结合的方法路径，提出了低密度高强可焊铝合金的开发设计思路与发展展望。在合金成分方面，通过大幅度提高低密度Mg元素含量来降低整体合金密度。在组织及相结构方面，通过加入Zn元素形成T-Mg32（Al, Zn）49相来抑制低密度高强可焊铝合金中有害β-Al3Mg2相出现，同时形成的T-Mg32（Al, Zn）49相弥散细小，不仅可以细化组织，还可以进一步提高基体强度。在焊接工艺方面，通过采用搅拌摩擦焊这类先进的加工技术，可以解决低密度高强可焊铝合金的焊接问题。除此之外，对低密度高强可焊铝合金中应力腐蚀开裂敏感性问题进行了分析并提出了合理的解决方案，以实现低密度高强可焊铝合金的密度、强度、焊接性和耐蚀性的全面平衡，进而推动其在高端装备制造领域的工程化应用。
Abstract:
With the growing demand for lightweight and high-performance materials in aerospace, transportation and related fields, low-density, high-strength and weldable aluminum alloys have emerged as a research hotspot. Although conventional high-strength aluminum alloys exhibit excellent mechanical strength and corrosion resistance, they generally suffer from relatively high density and poor weldability. Therefore, the development of aluminum alloy systems that simultaneously offer low density, high strength and superior weldability has become a critical issue in both fundamental research and engineering applications. To address this challenge, this study proposes a design strategy and development perspective for low-density, high-strength and weldable aluminum alloys, integrating alloy composition regulation,microstructure and phase optimization, as well as the application of advanced welding techniques. From the standpoint of alloying, increasing the Mg content significantly reduces the overall alloy density due to its low atomic mass. In terms of microstructure and phase constitution, the addition of Zn promotes the formation of the T-Mg32(Al, Zn)49 phase, which effectively suppresses the precipitation of the detrimental β-Al3Mg2 phase commonly found in low-density, high-strength and weldable aluminum alloys. The finely dispersed T-Mg32(Al,Zn)49 phase not only refines the microstructure， but also enhances the matrix strength. From a processing perspective, advanced welding technologies such as friction stir welding are employed to overcome the weldability issues of low-density, high-strength and weldable aluminum alloys. Furthermore, the susceptibility of low-density, high-strength and weldable aluminum alloys to stress corrosion cracking is systematically analyzed, and rational solutions are proposed. These combined strategies aim to achieve a comprehensive balance among density, strength, weldability and corrosion resistance, thereby promoting their engineering application in advanced equipment manufacturing.

备注/Memo

备注/Memo:
收稿日期：2025-09-08修回日期：2025-09-23 基金项目：国家重点研发计划项目（2023YFB3710401，2023YFB3710403） 第一作者：李冠娜，女，2000年生，硕士研究生 通讯作者：宋西平，男，1966年生，教授，博士生导师， Email:xpsong@skl.ustb.edu.cn
更新日期/Last Update: 2026-05-06