轻质多孔材料与结构研究的最新进展-中国材料进展

文章信息/Info

Title:: Recent Progress in the Development of Lightweight Porous Materials and Structures

Author(s):: LU TianJian; ZHANG Qiancheng; JIN Feng; (State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Structure Strength and Vibration, School of Aerospace, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China)

摘要:: 大力推进材料和装备的轻量化、减量化是实现节能减排、加快建设节约型社会的关键措施，是新世纪工程科技的发展方向。大至海洋平台、大飞机机身和动车组车体, 再到日常生活中的车辆，乃至小电子散热器件等，轻量化和多功能化均成为其发展中重要一环。围绕相关特殊工况应用条件下的轻质材料与结构的设计和研究面临一系列挑战：质量轻、力学强度高、散热性能好、动力学性能和隔振、隔声性能可调等多功能要求，因此如何在现有的材料和结构基础上进一步减轻重量并获得更优良的综合性能是材料科学、固体力学、传热、声学、优化设计等诸多领域工作者面临的共同挑战。基于本课题组近5年来围绕“超轻多孔结构创新构型的多功能化基础研究”国家基础研究计划项目所开展的一系列工作，综述了国内超轻多孔材料与结构最新发展水平的研究成果, 总结了具有特定或多功能化应用的这类新型轻质多孔材料多学科交叉研究的进展, 包括材料制备, 力学、热学和声学特性，以及无损检测及优化设计等。

Abstract:: The realization of weight reduction with novel lightweight materials and structures is a key issue facing the development of modern ecological society as well as a challenge facing scientists and engineers worldwide. From largescale structures such as oil platforms, high speed trains, aircraft fuselages, satellites and supersonic space vehicles to small scale electronic devices, optimization towards compactness and lightweight has become an integral part of their development. Further, the reduction of weight is often accompanied by mulitfunctional requirements such as high strength/stiffness, efficient heat dissipation, noise/vibration/damping control and actuation/sensing, demanding cross disciplinary research efforts across materials science, solid/fluid mechanics, physics, heat transfer, acoustics and applied mathematics.