金属挤压技术的发展现状与趋势-中国材料进展

文章信息/Info

Title:: Current Situation and Development Trends ofMetals Extrusion Technology

Author(s):: XIE Jianxin; (Key laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing of Ministry of Education, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China)

摘要:: 介绍了金属挤压技术的发展概况以及我国近十几年来挤压工业，尤其是重型和超重型挤压设备快速发展的状况。金属流动变形行为、分流模挤压焊合过程与焊合质量、组织性能演化与精确控制等基础理论研究，是正确设计模具，预防缺陷的产生，提高产品质量，提高挤压成材率和生产效率的重要基础，一直受到研究人员的高度重视。模具的数字化设计与数字化制造、高性能难加工材料挤压、等温挤压、挤压成形-弯曲加工一体化、包芯挤压等挤压新技术和新工艺的开发应用，是目前挤压制造技术的研究重点。总体而言，未来挤压技术发展方向主要包括3个方面：一是挤压产品组织性能与形状尺寸的精确控制；二是高性能、难加工材料挤压工艺技术开发；三是挤压生产的高效率化和低成本化。

Abstract:: The extrusion forming technology of metals and the rapid development in extrusion industry of China， especially， in the manufacture of heavy or ultraheavy presses in recent decades are reviewed. The basic theories of extrusion technology such as metal flowing behavior， welding process and performance in porthole extrusion， the evolution and accurate control of microstructure and properties are the important foundations of die design， defect prevention and the improvement of product quality， extrusion yield and efficiency， still attracting great attention from researchers. The development and application of novel extrusion technologies are currently the research emphases， which include digitalized die design and manufacture， high performance difficulttowork materials extrusion， isothermal extrusion， integration of bending and extrusion， clad extrusion， etc. In summary， the trends of extrusion technology in future include three aspects: accurate control of the microstructure and size of the products， difficulttowork materials extrusion and lowcost and highefficiency extrusion process.