遗态及其功能复合材料-中国材料进展

文章信息/Info

Author(s):: LIU Qinglei; LIU Yuanchao; ZHANG Wang; GU Jiajun; FAN Tongxiang; ZHANG Di; (State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China)

摘要:: 经过自然界的长期选择和进化，很多生物形成了多维、分级的精细结构，从而辅助其实现一种或数种功能目的。这为新型功能材料的设计和开发提供了很好的借鉴，因此近些年来研究并模仿生物结构，已成为新材料研究的主要热点之一。然而，由于多数生物结构非常精细复杂，因此直接采用传统的人工方法很难制备出类似的结构。遗态方法通过直接以生物结构为模板，选择合适的物理化学方法，在保持模板精细分级结构的同时，将框架成分转化为目标材质，可制备具有生物精细分级结构的新型功能材料。文章从遗态的思路和原理出发，给出了几种常用的制备方法，并介绍了近几年来基于几种典型生物结构的遗态材料研究进展，以及在光响应、光催化、电磁波吸收、气敏等相关领域的功能探索。

Abstract:: In nature, biological organisms possess multilevel, hierarchical and elaborate structures that are developed during the evolution in millions of years. These hierarchical structures help facilitate the realization of one or a few functions of living organisms. Inspired by these natural structures, material scientists have attempted to prepare novel functional materials with similar structures by mimicking these biological structures. However, conventional methods are hard to fabricate materials with such complicated hierarchical structures. Morphology genetic method has been recently adopted to effectively prepare materials with biological structures by changing the compositions of biological templates to desired materials while keeping the structures of the templates. In this paper, we firstly introduce the morphology genetic principles and several related fabrication methods. Secondly, progress is summarized on the morphology genetic materials using some biological structures as templates. Finally, functional performances of these materials,including light response, photocatalysis, electromagnetic wave absorption, and gas sensing,are introduced as well.