难熔金属材料先进制备技术-中国材料进展

文章信息/Info

Author(s):: LIU Caili; ZHAO Yongqing; TIAN Guangmin; LIU Xiaofeng; Northwest Institute for Nonferrous Metal Research, Xi’an 710016, China

摘要:: 介绍了现代烧结技术（微波烧结、放电等离子烧结、选择性激光烧结）、先进高纯材料制备技术（电子束精炼、区域熔炼、等离子弧熔炼）、近净成形技术（3D打印、金属注射成形、高能喷涂成形）和抗氧化技术（涂层、复合材料等）四类先进制备技术。阐述了基本原理、技术优势、国内外研究现状及其在难熔金属材料制备方面的初步应用，并指出难熔金属材料的制备正在向着更高纯度、更高抗氧化性能及近终成形方向发展。最后提出了采用先进技术制备高性能难熔金属材料亟待解决的一些突出问题：从实验室走向实际应用还需要大量的的试验和基础研究数据；需要进一步提高难熔金属单晶纯度、扩大单晶品种和规格；近净成形件完全代替传统锻件要先解决内部组织和缺陷的控制、综合力学性能的调控等；高温抗氧化时长需进一步提高。

Abstract:: Some modern sintering technologies such as microwave sintering, some advanced high purity technologies such as electron beam melting, some near net shape forming such as 3D printing and some oxidation resistant technologies such as coating were introduced, including the base theory, superiority, research status and primary application in refractory metals. It is the trend to higher purity, higher oxidation resistance and net shaped forming for refractory metals’ manufacturing. Some important questions should be solved at the first for advanced manufacturing technology application in refractory metals. It would need a lot of experiments base status, and need to enhance the single crystal’s purity, variety and size. In order to instead of traditional forged pieces, it is necessary to resolve how to control the internal structure, defect and mechanical property of the near net shape forming products.