快速成型制备凝胶支架在组织工程中的应用及进展-中国材料进展

文章信息/Info

Title:: Progress in the Development of Hydrogel-Rapid Prototyping for Tissue Engineering

Author(s):: Ting PAN; Xiaodong CAO; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangdong 510006, China

摘要:: 对于组织工程而言，如何将种子细胞、细胞外基质和生物刺激信号这三大要素完美结合对于植入体的植入成败至关重要。为了达到这一目的，器官打印或组织打印作为一种新兴的制备组织工程支架的技术，具有巨大的应用前景。这种技术可以将包载生物活性因子（细胞及其他生物活性刺激信号）的凝胶层层组装，得到精确的三维结构，并可控制生物活性因子的打印位置。而凝胶材料因其高含水率、优异的细胞相容性及可控的降解速率等性能，成为最有应用前景的生物打印材料。另一方面，通过快速成型技术这一强大的工具，我们可以制备得到具有精确内外结构，并包载多种活细胞或其它生物因子（生长因子、基因等）的组织工程支架。然而，并非所有的快速成型方法适用于凝胶成型。因此，本篇综述简单总结了可用于制备包载细胞的凝胶支架的快速成型方法，且进一步讨论了每种方法可用的凝胶材料类型。凝胶材料较弱的力学性能是限制其在生物打印方面应用的一个重要缺陷，关于这一问题及改进的方法也在本文中做了初步讨论。

Abstract:: For tissue engineering, the combined actions of seeding cells, matrix and bioactive factors determine the eventual performance of the implant. Organ or tissue printing, a novel approach in tissue engineering, creates layered, biofactors (including cells and other bioactive stimuli)-laden hydrogel scaffolds with a defined three-dimensional (3D) structure and organized biofactors placement, which is seen as a great promise. To this end, hydrogels represent to be the most promising materials for bioprinting because of their high water content, excellent cytocompatibility and tunable biodegradability. On the other hand, rapid prototyping (RP) techniques have become a powerful tool to produce a scaffold of the desired shape and internal structure with encapsulation of multiple living cell types or other biofactors, such as growth factors and genes. However, not all kinds of RP techniques are suitable for generation of hydrogel scaffolds or cell encapsulation. Therefore, in this review, we give a brief summary of different rapid prototyping techniques suitable for the production of hydrogel scaffolds. Each technique was further discussed in terms of the different hydrogels used. One major limitation has yet to be addressed is that the poor mechanical strength of hydrogel scaffolds. This problem and probable solution are also discussed in this review paper.