微纳结构超高强度钢的现状与发展-中国材料进展

文章信息/Info

Title:: Current Status and Future Trend of Micro- and Nano-Structured Ultra-High Strength Steels

作者:: 胡锋1; 周立新2; 张志成2; 张国宏1; 吴开明1; （1.武汉科技大学国际钢铁研究院，耐火材料与冶金省部共建国家重点实验室、高性能钢铁材料及其应用湖北
省协同创新中心(2.湖北新冶钢有限公司

Author(s):: HU Feng2; ZHOU Lixin1; ZHANG Zhicheng2; ZHANG Guohong1; WU Kaiming1; (1.The State Key Laboratory for Refractory Material and Metallurgy Jointly-Constructed by Ministry-Province,
Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Steels,International Research Institute for Steel Technology,
Wuhan University of Science and Technology（2.Hubei Xinyegang Steel Co., Ltd.,

摘要:: 微纳结构超高强度钢是兼具高强度、高塑性和高韧性的一类重要高性能钢铁结构材料。超细马氏体、贝氏体组织对于其强度起了决定性作用，对塑性和韧性起决定作用的为残留奥氏体。因此，如何通过调整化学成分和热处理工艺等手段调控残留奥氏体微结构，来实现精细组织结构和优良综合力学性能，成为新一代钢铁材料研究领域重要的课题。首先从钢铁材料强韧化机制出发，指出微观组织的精细化及硬相与软相的合理调控，是发展新一代钢铁材料的重要途径。然后针对近年来发展起来的超级贝氏体钢、Q&P钢、Q-P-T钢等具有微纳组织结构的超高强度钢，从合金设计、热处理工艺及组织结构与力学性能、磨损性能和疲劳性能的关系等方面进行综述与分析，最后指出微纳结构超高强度钢有待进一步深入研究与开发的问题。

Abstract:: Micro- and nano-structured steels are high-performance structural steels which have a unique combination of ultra-high strength, high ductility and good toughness. The ultra-high strength of these steels is attributed to sub-micro or nanosized ultra-fine martensitic and bainitic structures, while the ductility and toughness is associated with retained austenite. Therefore, it has become an important scientific problem to achieve fine microstructure and excellent mechanical properties by means of adjustment of the retained austenite through controlling the chemical composition and heat treatment etc. Based on the strengthening and toughening mechanism of iron and steel, the refinement of microstructure and reasonable regulation of hard and soft phases are important way to develop a new generation iron and steel material. The recent development of micro- and nano-structured super bainitic steel, Q&P and Q-P-T steels are reviewed and analyzed from the alloy design, heat treatment process and the relationship between microstructure and mechanical properties, wear properties and fatigue properties. Finally some issues on the micro- and nano-structured ultra high strength steels are pointed out for further research and development.