面向未来应用的金属基复合材料<br /><br />-中国材料进展

文章信息/Info

Author(s):: XIAO Bo-Lyu; LIU Zhen-Yu; ZHANG Xing-Xing; MA Zong-Yi; （Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences,

摘要:: 规模化应用促使金属基复合材料研发向更高强度、良好塑韧性和工艺性迈进。围绕该目标，近年来的研究重点主要以多尺度强化、纳米碳材料增强以及非均质构型设计等为特点。本文介绍了相关的研究进展，指出超细晶、超细颗粒协同强化可以获得高强度与良好塑韧性，进一步通过双尺度增强相强化可以兼顾模量等综合性能；纳米碳材料综合性能极高，对金属的强化具有高效与多样化特性；非均质构型在充分发挥纳米碳和陶瓷相的增强作用、挖掘复合材料性能极限方面体现了极高的可行性。同时也指出这些研究面临的挑战，未来有必要开展构型仿真、纳米碳-金属界面模拟研究以及发展必须的宏量制备技术。可以预见，金属基复合材料的研发已经进入新阶段，并已成为高性能材料发展的一个重要方向。

Abstract:: Metal matrix composites are developed toward higher strength, good ductility or toughness and high performance in order to meet demand of a wide application. For this purpose, attempts have been focused on multi scale strengthening, nano carbon reinforcing and architecture design. A review on the present research indicates that the synergetic strengthening of ultrafine grains and reinforcing particles could provide high strength and good toughness. Based on that, addition of dual-scaled reinforcements is effective for improvement of comprehensive properties such as the elastic modulus. The nano carbon reinforcements are highly effective and multiple for strengthening metals due to their ultrahigh mechanical and physical properties. As to the hierarchical architecture, it is highly feasible for effectively strengthening metals without sacrificing ductility and toughness. Challenges for these studies are addressed. In the future, modelling and simulation for architecture and interface between nano carbons and metals should be conducted. Furthermore, novel fabrication methods for mass production should be developed. Research of metal matrix composites has entered a new era, and it is one of important branches of novel materials.