人工纳米材料的生命周期评价研究进展<br />-中国材料进展

文章信息/Info

Title:: A Review of Life Cycle Assessment Research on Engineering Nanomaterials

作者:: 陈莎1*; 刘瑞芳1; 孙天印2; 3; 陈云1; (1.北京工业大学环境与能源工程学院，北京 100124，中国)
(2.瑞士联邦材料科学与技术实验室，圣加伦 CH-9014，瑞士)
(3.苏黎世联邦理工学院化学和生物工程研究所，苏黎世 CH-8093，瑞士)

Author(s):: CHEN Sha1*; LIU Ruifang1; SUN Tianyin2; 3; CHEN Yun1; (1. Environment and energy engineering college, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China)
(2. Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-9014 St. Gallen,Switzerland)
(3. Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland)

摘要:: 人工纳米材料（Engineering Nano Materials，ENMs）因具有优越的磁性、导电性、光学性质等被广泛应用于微电子学、催化、燃料电池、材料科学、生物技术和医药等领域，其带来优良性能与卓越功能的同时，其资源能源效率以及对生态环境、人体健康的潜在影响也越来越受到重视。尽早识别这些利弊对材料科学的发展、环境保护以及ENMs的可持续性发展均具有重要意义。而生命周期评价方法（Life Cycle Assessment, LCA）作为一种综合而全面的评价理论与方法，也是评价ENMs以及其工艺、产品的生命周期资源能源消耗和环境行为的有效方法。本文对生命周期理论与方法应用于ENMs及其产品的资源能源消耗分析、环境影响评价和环境释放分析三方面的研究进展进行了总结和综述，对目前研究中存在的问题进行了分析总结，对今后LCA应用于ENMs的发展方向进行了展望。

Abstract:: Due to their superior magnetism, electric conductivity, reaction activities optical properties and so on, engineering nanomaterials are widely applied in microelectronics, catalysis, fuel cell technology, materials science, biotechnology & medicine and other fields. However, combining with their excellent function and outstanding feature, their potential impacts on the resources, energy, environment and human health are becoming concerns. It is of great significance for material science development, environmental protection and sustainable development of ENMs to identify these impacts. As an integrated and comprehensive evaluation method, life cycle assessment (LCA) is highly recommended to evaluate not only their efficiency of resource and energy, but also their environmental impacts, which includes the various techniques, processes and productions of ENMs. The aim of this paper is to review the existing research on life cycle energy consumption analysis, environmental impact assessment and environmental release analysis of ENMs based on LCA methodology. The difficulties and issues in the research were summarized and the perspective of future research was also put forward.