超高导电铜基材料的研究现状与展望-中国材料进展

文章信息/Info

作者:: 吕吉敏1; 章潇慧2; 熊定邦1; 张荻1; 1.上海交通大学金属基复合材料国家重点实验室，上海 200240?
2.中车工业研究院有限公司，北京 100067

Author(s):: LV Jimin1; ZHANG Xiaohui2; XIONG Dingbang1; ZHANG Di1; 1.State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
2.CRRC Industrial Institute Corporation Limited, Beijing 100067, China

Keywords:: ultra conductive copper; copper matrix composite; carbon nanotube; graphene; fabrication method

摘要:: 超高导电铜是指导电性能优于国际退火铜标准的一类铜材料，其在机械、电子和电力等领域具有广阔的应用前景。综述了超高导电铜的研究现状，介绍了纯铜、铜合金和铜基复合材料3类超高导电铜体系，其中，最有望实现大规格超高导电铜的方法是在铜基体中加入碳纳米管或石墨烯等碳纳米材料。随后，指出了现阶段超高导电铜基复合材料制备存在的3个关键问题：良好的电学接触界面、优化复合材料的构型和实现碳纳米材料良好的结构/本征性能与均匀分散的协同。基于这3个关键问题，介绍了铸造、电解共沉积、化学气相沉积法、粉末冶金法等一系列有望制备超高导电铜基复合材料的方法，并总结了其优缺点。最后，对超高导电铜未来发展趋势进行了展望。

Abstract:: Ultra conductive copper, which has higher electrical conductivity than international annealed copper standard (IACS), has wide application prospect in the fields of machinery, electronics and electricity. This paper summarized the research progress of ultraconductive copper including pure copper, copper alloys, and copper matrix composites. Among these, adding carbon nanomaterials such as carbon nanotube and graphene to fabricate copper matrix composite is most promising for promoting the electrical conductivity of copper. Whereafter, this paper pointed out three key points relating to the fabrication of ultraconductive copper matrix composite, including good interface bonding, microstructure architecture, blance between structural integrity and uniform dispersion ability. Based on the key points, this paper introduced methods of fabricating ultraconductive copper matrix composite, and analyzed their advantages and weakness, such as casting, electrolytic codeposition, chemical vapor deposition, powder metallurgy, and so on. Finally, this paper pointed out the future trends of ultraconductive copper research.