橡胶复合材料在建筑隔震领域的应用-中国材料进展

文章信息/Info

Author(s):: ZHAO Xiuying; WANG Qi; ZHANG Zhi; CAO Renwei; ZHANG Liqun; Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials，Beijing University of Chemical Technology，Beijing 100029，China

摘要:: 我国地域辽阔，许多地区位于地震带上，采用隔震技术提高建筑物、桥梁等的抗震能力以避免和减少地震事件后人民生命财产损失，具有重大意义。应用天然橡胶制备的隔震支座，具有很好的竖向刚度和水平等效刚度，但等效阻尼比非常低，需要增加另外的阻尼器或灌注铅芯来提高阻尼比。为了解决这一问题，工程技术人员通过共混、共聚、添加小分子等方式制备具有优异综合力学性能和阻尼性能的橡胶复合材料，并将其应用在隔震体系中，促进了隔震技术的发展。介绍了隔震技术的原理和分类，特别是叠层橡胶支座隔震体系的分类和研究现状。综述了隔震支座用橡胶复合材料，包括：单一组分橡胶、多元组分橡胶、有机小分子杂化材料、磁流变弹性体等的研究现状和应用情况。

Abstract:: Many areas of China are located in the seismic zone, the use of isolation technology to improve the seismic capacity of buildings or bridges for avoiding and reducing the loss of peoples lives and property after the earthquake is of great significance. Natural rubber bearings has good vertical stiffness and shear stiffness, but the equivalent damping ratio is very low, and additional dampers or infused lead cores are needed to increase the damping ratio. In order to solve this problem, engineers are developing rubber composites with excellent comprehensive mechanical properties and damping properties by blending, copolymerizing and adding small molecules, and widely using them in isolation systems, which greatly promotes the development of isolation technology. This paper firstly introduces the principle and classification of the isolation technology, especially the classification and current status of the laminated rubber bearing isolation system. Finally, the rubber composite materials for seismic isolation bearings are reviewed, including the research status and application of single component rubber, multicomponent rubber, organic small molecular hybrid materials and magnetorheological elastomers.