气凝胶纳米材料的研究进展-中国材料进展

文章信息/Info

Author(s):: SHEN Xiaodong；WU Xiaodong；KONG Yong；CUI Sheng; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University
Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites
Key Laboratory of Aerogel Based Building Materials

Keywords:: aerogel; thermal insulation; building materials; CO2 adsorption; nano materials

摘要:: 气凝胶材料是一种具有低密度、高孔隙率、高比表面积、低折射率、低介电常数等特性的纳米多孔材料，在航空航天、石油化工、环境处理、建筑保温、能量储存与转化等领域具有广泛的应用价值。重点介绍了国内外二氧化硅基气凝胶和有机气凝胶的组成、结构、制备和性能方面所取得的突破性进展，其中二氧化硅基气凝胶主要从耐高温气凝胶、疏水气凝胶和低成本气凝胶3方面进行论述，有机气凝胶主要包括聚合物基有机气凝胶和生物质基有机气凝胶。综述了气凝胶材料在绝热和吸附领域的最新研究和应用，最后对气凝胶材料未来的发展方向进行了展望。

Abstract:: Aerogels have many unique properties, such as low bulk density, high porosity, high specific surface area, low refractive index and low dielectric constant, etc. Therefore, aerogels have many promising applications in many fields such as aerospace, industry, environmental protection, building energy saving, energy storage and conversion, etc. In this paper, the representative studies and research progress of aerogel fabrication, development and applications with respect to silicabased aerogels and organic aerogels are provided. Silicabased aerogels include hightemperature aerogels, hydrophobic aerogels and costeffective aerogels, while organic aerogels can be classified as polymerbased organic aerogel and biomassbased organic aerogels. The research advances on aerogelbased thermal insulations and adsorbents are summarized. The prospects of aerogel application development are also reviewed in this paper.