X-ray成像技术表征金属凝固组织及其演化过程研究进展-中国材料进展

文章信息/Info

Title:: Application of Synchrotron Xray Imaging in Solidification of Metallic Materials

Author(s):: SHUAI Sansan; WANG Jiang; REN Zhongming; State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China

Keywords:: X ray imaging; synchrotron radiation; metal solidification; in situ observation; microstructure evolution

摘要:: X ray具有较强的穿透性，可以穿透一定厚度的金属块状材料（毫米级的重金属，如钢、镍基合金等和厘米级的轻质金属，如铝、镁合金等），因而可以用来对其进行成像，获得其内部二维和三维微观结构。Xray成像技术对被表征物体的成像是非破坏性的（nondestructive），因而在一定的时间和空间分辨率条件下，还可以对金属材料成形过程的组织演化实时观测，实现对金属材料成形过程宏/微观结构演化的原位表征。第三代同步辐射光源可以产生高通量、高能量、高分辨率以及高相干性的Xray光束，利用它可以实现对金属材料从宏观（厘米级）到微观（微米、亚微米、纳米级）结构及其演化过程快速、准确的测量表征。Xray成像技术已经成为研究金属凝固科学问题的有力手段。简介了Xray成像技术的基本原理，综述了Xray成像技术在金属凝固组织三维（3D）表征和组织演化过程二维和四维（3D+时间）原位表征中的应用。最后对未来Xray成像技术在金属材料凝固领域的应用前景进行了展望。

Abstract:: X ray is able to penetrate bulk metallic materials with specific thickness (millimeter scale for heavy metal like iron or nickel based alloys and centimeter scale for light alloys like aluminum or magnesium) due to its high penetrability. Therefore, it can be used for materials imaging to obtain their two dimensional (2D) and three dimensional (3D) microstructures. Comparing to traditional characterization methods, Xray imaging is nondestructive and can be applied for in situ and realtime observation of microstructure evolution during material processing under certain space and time resolution. The third generation of synchrotron Xray source can generate high flux, high energy, high resolution and high coherence Xray beam with which we can achieve precise and fast realtime characterization and measurement of microstructure evolution of metallic alloy from macroscale (centimeter) to microscale (micron or submicron and nanometer). In this paper, the principle theory of Xray imaging method and its application in metal solidification microstructure static 3D characterization and 2D and 4D (3D plus time) in situ observation of structure evolution are reviewed. Finally, the potential applications of Xray imaging in solidification of metallic materials are also expected.