碳气凝胶及其复合材料的环境应用研究进展-中国材料进展

文章信息/Info

Title:: Advances in Carbon Aerogels and Their Composites for Environmental Applications

作者:: 甄梅楠1; 2; 刘峰3; 李超2; 毕涛2; 唐景春1; （1. 南开大学环境科学与工程学院，天津 300071）（2. 天津生态城环境技术股份有限公司，天津 300000）（3. 天津市生态环境综合保障中心，天津 300191）

Author(s):: ZHEN Meinan1; 2; LIU Feng3; LI Chao2; BI Tao2; TANG Jingchun1; (1. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China) (2. Tian Ecocity Environmental Technology Co.,Ltd., Tianjin 300000, China) (3. Tianjin Ecological Environment Comprehensive Safeguarding Center, Tianjin 300191, China)

Keywords:: carbon aerogel; composite material; adsorp-tion; absorption; catalytic degradation

摘要:: 碳气凝胶是一类密度极低且具有丰富多孔结构的新型材料。国内外学者围绕碳气凝胶及其复合材料的设计制备和环境应用开展了大量的研究工作。梳理总结了碳气凝胶及其复合材料应用于环境治理的最新进展，包括吸附去除污染物、油水分离和催化降解污染物，阐述了碳气凝胶及其复合材料组成、结构和性能之间的关系，分析材料对不同污染物的吸附、吸收和降解机制，梳理总结了现有材料的优缺点。未来研究的重点方向包括：进一步优选低成本的有机固体废弃物作为制备材料的碳源，发展低成本、规模化的材料制备方法；定向调控材料组成、结构和活性位点进而提升其性能和可循环性；结合全面的经济技术分析和环境影响评价，将碳气凝胶及其复合材料推广应用到大气、土壤和水体污染的修复。

Abstract:: Carbon aerogel is a new kind of materials with extremely low density and abundant porous structure. The researchers have conducted numerous studies on the design, preparation and environmental applications of carbon aerogels and their composites. This review gives an overview on the recent advances of environmental applications of carbon aerogels and their composites, including adsorption of pollutants, separation of oils from water as well as catalytic degradation of pollutants. We also summarize the relationships between the composition, structure and property of carbon aerogels and their composites and elucidate the mechanism of adsorption, absorption and catalytic degradation, as a useful reference for subsequent studies. The future research directions include：screening low-cost organic solid wastes, establishing low-cost, largescale and controlled preparation method, improving performance and recyclability via tuning composition and structure, conducting comprehensive economic-technical analysis and environmental assessment and then promoting the remediation of actual atmosphere, water and soil pollutions.