[1]黄辉,黄亨建.不敏感PBX炸药的多尺度结构与感度[J].中国材料进展,2022,41(02):108-116.[doi:10.7502/j.issn.1674-3962.202110012]
　HUANG Hui,HUANG Hengjian.Multi-Scale Structures and Sensitivity of Insensitive Polymer Bounded Explosives[J].MATERIALS CHINA,2022,41(02):108-116.[doi:10.7502/j.issn.1674-3962.202110012]
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不敏感PBX炸药的多尺度结构与感度()
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中国材料进展[ISSN:1674-3962/CN:61-1473/TG]

卷:
41
期数:
2022年第02期
页码:
108-116
栏目:
出版日期:
2022-02-28

文章信息/Info

Title:
Multi-Scale Structures and Sensitivity of Insensitive Polymer Bounded Explosives
文章编号:
1674-3962(2022)02-0108-09
作者:
黄辉; 黄亨建
（中国工程物理研究院 化工材料研究所，四川 绵阳 621999）
Author(s):
HUANG Hui ;  HUANG Hengjian
(Institute of Chemical Materials (ICM), China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, China)
关键词:
不敏感炸药; 安全性; 感度; 多尺度结构; 构效关系; 协同设计
Keywords:
insensitive explosive;  safety;  sensitivity;  multiscale structures;  structureperformance relationship;  harmoniousdesign
分类号:
TQ560.71
DOI:
10.7502/j.issn.1674-3962.202110012
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
不敏感炸药是指对热刺激、机械刺激和冲击波等感度较低的一类炸药，包括不敏感单质炸药和混合炸药，是提高弹药安全性的关键材料。用于装填武器弹药的炸药通常是以单质炸药为主成分（填料）、以聚合物为连续相或以熔铸型含能化合物（如三硝基甲苯、二硝基苯甲醚等）或热熔型石蜡为载体的混合炸药。其中，聚合物粘结炸药（polymer bonded explosive, PBX）是当前发展不敏感混合炸药的主流产品，广泛应用于现代武器弹药。不敏感PBX的感度特性与其多尺度结构密切关联，主要包括单质炸药分子的结构与稳定性、炸药分子的堆积方式与晶体结构及晶体品质、混合炸药的组成结构等与感度的关系3个层面的多尺度问题。通过不敏感含能分子的设计与合成、晶体结构的设计调控与高品质晶体降感技术、基于力热耗散的高效协同降感技术及PBX构效关系，发展不敏感炸药多尺度系统设计与结构调控及制备，是获得高能不敏感PBX的主要途径。加强超分子单质炸药和共晶炸药的设计研发，及发展第三代单质炸药高品质晶体降感技术等研究，是发展高能不敏感炸药的重要方向。
Abstract:
Insensitive explosives are a kind of explosives with low sensitivity to thermal stimulation, mechanical stimulation and shock wave, including insensitive pure explosives and composite explosives，which are key materials to improve the safety of ammunition. The explosives commonly used for filling weapons and ammunition are composite explosives with pure explosive as the main component (filler), polymer as the continuous phase, or molten energetic compounds (such as trinitrotoluene, dinitrobenzene methyl ether, etc.) or hot-melt wax as the carrier. Polymer bonded explosive (PBX) is the mainstream product for the development of insensitive composite explosives , which is widely used in modern weapons and ammunition. The sensitivity characteristics of insensitive PBX are closely related to their multi-scale structures, mainly including three levels of multi-scale relationships between sensitivities and their corresponding molecules, crystals and compounds, i.e., molecule structure and stability, crystal quality and stacking mode, and composites composition and its structures. As a result, the main ways to obtain both high-energy and insensitive explosives are developing multi-scale system design, structure regulation and preparation of insensitive explosives, to be specific, including the design and synthesis of insensitive energetic molecules, the design and regulation of crystal structures and its high-quality crystal desensitization technology, the application of high-efficiency desensitization technology based on loading and heat dissipation mechanisms and the research of structure-performance relationships of PBX. Strengthening the design and research of supramolecular explosives and eutectic explosives and the research of high-quality crystal desensitization for third-generation pure explosives are important directions for the development of high-energy insensitive explosives.

备注/Memo

备注/Memo:
收稿日期：2021-10-08 第一作者：黄辉，男，1961年生，研究员，博士生导师通讯作者：黄亨建，男，1968年生，研究员， Email:huanghengjian@caep.cn
更新日期/Last Update: 2022-01-29