选区激光熔化成形铝合金的主要缺陷及调控方法-中国材料进展

文章信息/Info

Title:: Main Defects and Control Methods of Aluminum Alloys Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting

Author(s):: ZHANG Shuanglei; WANG Jianhong; LI Xiaofeng; DING Fang; YANG Yurong; YAN Hao; ZHANG Jinfang; LIU Bin; BAI Peikang; (School of Materials Science and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China)

Keywords:: aluminum alloy; selective laser melting; hot crack; pores; microalloying

摘要:: 高性能铝合金因轻质、高强、耐腐蚀等特点，在航空航天、车辆工程和海洋工程等领域应用前景广阔。然而，随着铝合金零部件形状和结构越来越复杂，传统成形方式难以满足需求。选区激光熔化（SLM）技术具有一体化成形复杂形状和精密零件的能力，因此在铝合金成形方面具有极大的发展潜力。但是，铝合金具有宽的结晶温度区间、高的激光反射率和热导率等特性，在SLM成形过程中易产生缺陷，从而使成形件的力学性能下降。近年来，为解决此问题，研究者们做了众多工作并取得了一定的进展。基于此，介绍了SLM成形铝合金存在的主要缺陷及其成形机理。从工艺优化与微合金化两个角度出发，总结了不同牌号铝合金的SLM成形缺陷的调控方法，并对SLM成形铝合金的发展进行了总结与展望。

Abstract:: High-performance aluminum alloys have broad application prospects in the fields of aerospace, vehicle engineering, and ocean engineering due to its light weight, high strength, and excellent corrosion resistance. However, as the shapes and structures of aluminum alloy parts become more and more complex, traditional forming processes are difficult to meet the demand. Selective laser melting (SLM) technology is in capability of integrated forming of complex shapes and precision parts. Therefore, SLM technology has great development potentials in aluminum alloy forming. However, due to its wide crystallization and solidification range, high laser reflectivity and high thermal conductivity, aluminum alloy is prone to generate defects during SLM forming process. It would result in a decline in mechanical properties of aluminum alloy parts. In order to solve these problems, researchers have done a lot of work and made some progress in recent years. Based on this, the main defects and their forming mechanism of SLM-ed aluminum alloys in the current studies were introduced. Control methods for defects in SLM-ed aluminum alloy from the perspectives of process optimization and microalloying were reported. And, the development of SLM-ed aluminum alloy was prospected.